基于FDS的大型公共建筑防火设计研究  

RESEARCH ON THE FIRE PROTECTION DESIGN OF LARGE PUBLIC BUILDINGS BASED ON FDS

作　　者：许立 宋小凯 李胜才[1] 张源 XU Li;SONG Xiao-kai;LI Sheng-cai;ZHANG Yuan(College of Architectural Science and Engineering,Yangzhou University,225127,Yangzhou,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学建筑科学与工程学院,江苏扬州225127

出　　处：《建筑技术》2024年第23期2917-2921,共5页Architecture Technology

基　　金：江苏省高等学校自然科学研究面上项目(21KJB620007、19KJB560026)。

摘　　要：会展中心作为现代化的大型公共建筑代表,有着广泛的商业价值。然而此类建筑的火灾特性较一般建筑更复杂,部分区域在消防设计上不能满足现行的规范要求。为了提升其防火能力及安全性,通常需要运用性能化防火设计方法进行分析论证。本文建立了基于FDS(Fire Dynamic Simulator)的某会展中心火灾模型,采用大涡模拟技术对火灾工况下的火灾蔓延、烟气运动、能见度、CO浓度等关键参数进行了分析研究。结果表明,火灾烟气聚集在顶棚之下。室内1.6 m高度处烟气层最高温度40℃,能见度大于10 m,CO浓度35 ppm。在所设定的火灾场景下,可用安全疏散时间tASET>必需安全疏散时间tRSET,能够保证人员的安全疏散。此研究结果可为此类大型公共建筑防火设计优化提供理论依据与参考。As a representative of modern large-scale public buildings,exhibition centers have extensive commercial value.However,the fire characteristics of such buildings are more complex than normal buildings,and the fire protection design of some areas cannot meet the current standard requirements.In order to improve its fire resistance and safety,it is usually necessary to use performance-based fire protection design methods for analysis and demonstration.This article establishes a fire model for a certain exhibition center based on FDS(Fire Dynamic Simulator),and uses large eddy simulation technology to analyze the key parameters such as fire spread,smoke movement,visibility,and CO concentration under fire conditions.Results showed that the smoke from the fire gathered under the ceiling.The maximum temperature of the smoke layer at the height of 1.6 meters is 40℃,with visibility greater than 10 meters,and CO concentration is 35 ppm.In the designed fire scenario,the available safe egress time tASET is greater than the required safe egress time tRSET,which can guarantee the safe evacuation.Such research results could provide theoretical basis and reference for the optimization of fire protection design in similar large public buildings.

关 键 词：防火设计 公共建筑 FDS 能见度 烟气蔓延 

分 类 号：TU111.4[建筑科学—建筑理论]