IFC向CityGML标准三维建筑模型转换方法及实现  

A method for conversion of standard 3D building models from IFC to CityGML

作　　者：李朝奎[1] 唐至娜 谢梦愿 田沁 陈建辉 傅开鸿 LI Chaokui;TANG Zhina;XIE Mengyuan;TIAN Qin;CHEN Jianhui;FU Kaihong(Hunan Key Laboratory of Surveying,Mapping,Remote Sensing and Information Engineering,Hunan University of Science and Technology,Xiangtan 411201,China;Key Laboratory of Urban Land and Resources Monitoring and Simulation,Ministry of Natural Resources,Shenzhen 518034,China;Shenzhen Planning and Natural Resource Data Management Center,Shenzhen 518034,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南科技大学测绘遥感信息工程湖南省重点实验室,湘潭411201 [2]自然资源部城市国土资源监测与仿真重点实验室,深圳518034 [3]深圳市规划和自然资源数据管理中心,深圳518034

出　　处：《时空信息学报》2024年第5期626-640,共15页JOURNAL OF SPATIO-TEMPORAL INFORMATION

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42171418);自然资源部城市国土资源监测与仿真重点实验室开放课题(KF-2023-08-09);湖南省自然资源科技计划资助项目(20230122CH);湖南省相聚人才计划项目(2022RC4039);实景三维建设与应用技术湖南省工程研究中心开放课题(3DRS2024H3);湖南省自然科学基金项目(2024JJ8328)。

摘　　要：三维城市模型是智慧城市与数字孪生城市的核心内容。IFC(industry foundation classes)标准构建的建筑信息模型(building information model,BIM)为城市空间规划和建筑设计提供了丰富而精细的城市三维模型数据。由于标准的差异,BIM无法与三维地理信息系统无缝集成和交互应用,极大地限制了IFC标准BIM的应用优势。本文挖掘IFC、CityGML(city geography markup language)标准三维建筑模型的语义表达差异,提出BIM源模型向不同细节层次(level of detail,LOD)层级模型的几何转换方法;构建一套完整的转换流程,实现IFC标准BIM向CityGML标准三维建筑模型的几何转换;设计并开发转换原型系统。研究表明:本方法及实现流程能够有效实现IFC-BIM模型向CityGML-BIM模型的不同LOD层级的转换,且对多数单体模型相当实用;转换后模型未见错误与偏差,视觉效果良好;具备灵活性,可根据不同模型的转换进行调整。研究成果为BIM与地理信息系统的集成应用提供了新思路,为智慧城市与数字孪生开辟了一种新的数据来源通道。The three dimensional city model serves as the cornerstone of both smart cities and digital twin cities.The building information model(BIM),constructed in accordance with the industry foundation classes(IFC)standard,offers a wealth of detailed urban three-dimensional model data crucial for urban spatial planning and architectural design.However,discrepancies between standards hinder the seamless integration and interactive application of BIM data with the three dimensional geographic information system(3DGIS),thereby constraining the full potential of BIM data utilization and the spatial analysis capabilities of GIS within the IFC framework.This paper delves into the disparities in the semantic representation of 3D building models under the IFC and CityGML standards.It introduces a geometric transformation methodology from BIM source models to various level of detail(LOD)models,establishing a comprehensive transformation workflow that facilitates geometric conversion from BIM models conforming to IFC standards to 3D models adhering to CityGML specifications.Moreover,a prototype system for this transformation has been designed and developed.Using the conversion from an IFC model to a CityGML LOD-2 model as a case study,it illustrates how at this level,the building surface can be perceived as a simplified rendition of the IFC model.During the conversion,primary resources are extracted from the IfcWall and IfcSlab entities,while auxiliary resources stem from the IfcColumn,IfcBeam,and IfcCurtainWall classes to construct the building surface model.Consequently,the WallSurface object within the CityGML schema is generated by extracting external walls from the IfcWall class,followed by model simplification to eliminate unconvertible walls and edges.Additionally,geometric data from IfcCurtainWall elements can also be mapped onto the WallSurface class in CityGML.Surfaces within IfcWall entities are represented via the WallSurface class,whereas RoofSurface(representing roofs)necessitates the simplification of the geometric

关 键 词：BIM 三维GIS模型 IFC CITYGML 自动转换 LOD 

分 类 号：P208[天文地球—地图制图学与地理信息工程] TP399[天文地球—测绘科学与技术]