不同铁肥对葡萄叶片特性和果实品质的影响  

Effects of Foliar Spraying of Iron Fertilizer on Leaf Characteristics and Fruit Quality of Grapes

作　　者：周瑞金 贾凤芹 徐国益 于会丽[2,3] 邵微[2,3] 司鹏 ZHOU Ruijin;JIA Fengqin;XU Guoyi;YU Huili;SHAO Wei;SI Peng(School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture,Henan Institute of Science and Technology,Xinxiang,Henan 453003;Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou,Henan 450009;Zhongyuan Research Center,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou,Henan 450009)

机构地区：[1]河南科技学院园艺园林学院,河南新乡453003 [2]中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所,河南郑州450009 [3]中国农业科学院中原研究中心,河南郑州450009

出　　处：《北方园艺》2024年第23期24-31,共8页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：中国农业科学院基本科研业务费专项资助项目(Y2023XC07)。

摘　　要：以“阳光玫瑰”葡萄为试材,在果实发育期喷施0.1、0.2、1.0 g·L^(-1)浓度的硫酸亚铁肥、EDTA螯合铁肥和小分子有机铁肥,以喷施清水为对照,研究了不同浓度的不同铁肥对葡萄叶片及果实品质的影响,以期为筛选出促进葡萄品质提升的适宜铁肥类型和施用浓度提供参考依据。结果表明:小分子有机螯合铁肥促进葡萄叶片生长,提高百叶鲜质量和光合特性。叶面喷施铁肥可提高葡萄叶片中氮、磷和铁的含量,钾含量变化不明显,其中硫酸亚铁肥可显著提高叶片中磷和铁的含量。铁肥处理可促进果实着色,提高果实可溶性固形物、维生素C以及氮、磷和铁的含量,降低果实中钾的含量。因此,叶片喷施3种铁肥均能显著提升叶片功能,提高果实品质,作用效果依次为小分子有机螯合铁肥>EDTA铁肥>硫酸亚铁肥,其中小分子有机螯合铁肥0.2 g·L^(-1)处理效果最佳,其次是EDTA铁肥1.0 g·L^(-1)。Taking three-year-old‘Shine Muscat’grapes as the test material,and 0.1,0.2,1.0 g·L^(-1) concentrations of FeSO4,EDTA-Fe,and small molecular organic iron fertilizer were sprayed on the leaf surface during fruit development.A control group was treated with water,the effect of iron fertilizer on the quality of grape leaves and fruits was studied,in order to screen out the suitable concentration of different iron fertilizers to promote the quality of grapes.The results showed that small molecule organic iron fertilizers facilitated the promotion of grapevine leaf growth and improved the quality of fresh leaves and photosynthetic characteristics.Foliar spraying of iron fertilizer could increase the content of nitrogen,phosphorus and iron in grape leaves,and the change of potassium content was not obvious,in which ferrous sulfate fertilizer could significantly increase the content of phosphorus and iron in leaves.Iron fertilizer treatments promoted fruit coloration,increased fruit soluble solids,vitamin C,and nitrogen,phosphorus,and iron content,and decreased potassium content in fruit.Therefore,foliar application of the three iron fertilizers significantly enhanced both leaf functionality and fruit quality,with the small molecular organic iron fertilizer showing the most pronounced effects,followed by EDTA chelating iron fertilizer and ferrous sulfate fertilizer.The 0.2 g·L^(-1)concentration of small molecular organic iron fertilizer was found to be the most effective,with 1.0 g·L^(-1)of EDTA chelating iron fertilizer as the next best option.

关 键 词：“阳光玫瑰”葡萄 硫酸亚铁肥 EDTA螯合铁肥 小分子有机铁肥 叶片光合 果实品质 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]