典型危险废物焚烧炉烟气净化系统的二英脱除特性分析  

Analysis of Dioxin Removal Characteristics in Flue Gas Purification System of A Typical Hazardous Waste Incinerator

作　　者：马云峰 林晓青 余泓 王学东 李楠 MA Yunfeng;LIN Xiaoqing;YU Hong;WANG Xuedong;LI Nan(Institute of Thermal Engineering,Zhejiang University,National Engineering Research Center for Clean Utilization Technology and Equipment of Solid Waste Energy,State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization,Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027;Nanjing Power Plant,Huaneng International Power Jiangsu Energy Development Co.Ltd.,Nanjing Jiangsu 210035;Beijing Huaneng Yangtze River Environmental Science and Technology Research Institute Co.Ltd.,Beijing 102209)

机构地区：[1]能源高效清洁利用全国重点实验室,固体废物能源化清洁利用技术与装备国家工程研究中心,浙江大学热能工程研究所,浙江杭州310027 [2]华能国际电力江苏能源开发有限公司南京电厂,江苏南京210035 [3]北京华能长江环保科技研究院有限公司,北京102209

出　　处：《环境卫生工程》2023年第S01期59-65,共7页Environmental Sanitation Engineering

基　　金：中国华能集团有限公司总部科技项目(HNKJ20-H62)。

摘　　要：对我国某典型危险废物焚烧系统中不同烟气净化设施的二英脱除特性进行了系统研究。研究发现,余热锅炉换热区和急冷工艺中发生了显著的二英再生现象,包括前驱物的高温及低温合成反应,有别于常见报道的低温从头合成反应。本研究中,急冷、活性炭吸附耦合布袋除尘和湿法洗涤工艺均表现出对烟气二英的有效排放控制,整体脱除效率为57.6%(I-TEQ:78.4%),实现达标排放(0.16 ng I-TEQ/m^(3))。急冷工艺对二英从头合成反应具有抑制作用,但无法阻断再生现象,烟气停留时间需进一步缩短;活性炭吸附耦合布袋除尘工艺的二英脱除效果低(40.1%),需适当提升活性炭用量,并降低运行温度。上述工艺对烟气二英的主要排放控制机制在于促进了二英由气相向固相灰渣中的迁移,但并未实现本质上的二英消除以及减量。一方面,优化具体工艺运行十分必要;另一方面,引入催化降解技术有望弥补当前不足。耦合SNCR工艺,烟气净化工艺亦可高效脱除颗粒物(2.56 mg/m^(3))、SO_(2)(72.0 mg/m^(3))、HCl(0.51 mg/m^(3))、NO_(x)(113.7 mg/m^(3))等污染物,满足GB 18484—2020危险废物焚烧污染控制标准的排放要求。The removal characteristics of different air pollution control devices(APCDs)on polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans(PCDD/Fs)from a typical hazardous waste incineration were systematically investigated.It was found that significant dioxin regeneration occurred in the heat boiler and in the quenching tower,which mainly originated from the high-temperature and low-temperature synthesis reactions of the precursors,that was different from the low-temperature de novo synthesis reactions commonly reported.The rapid cooling,activated carbon adsorption coupled with fabric filter(AC+FF)and wet scrubbing processes all exhibited positive removal effect of PCDD/Fs,the removal efficiency was 57.6%(I-TEQ:78.4%),which met the national emission limit(0.16 ng I-TEQ/m^(3)).The rapid cooling process has an inhibition effect on the de novo synthesis reaction of PCDD/Fs,but could not block the regeneration phenomenon,and the residence time of flue gas needed to be further shortened;the AC+FF process had a low removal efficiency of PCDD/Fs(40.1%),which could be optimized by upgrading the activated carbon dosage and reducing the operating temperature.The major removal mechanism of the above processes on PCDD/Fs was to promote their migration from flue gas to solid phase ash without amount reduction.However,it did not achieve the essential elimination and reduction of dioxin.On the one hand,it was necessary to optimize the specific process operation.On the other hand,the introduction of catalytic degradation technology was expected to make up for the current shortcomings.Coupled with the SNCR process,the flue gas cleaning process could also efficiently remove particulate matter(2.56 mg/m^(3)),SO_(2)(72.0 mg/m^(3)),HCl(0.51 mg/m^(3)),and NO_(x)(113.7 mg/m^(3)),and meet the emission requirements of GB 18484-2020 Standard for Pollution Control on Hazardous Waste Incineration.

关 键 词：危险废物焚烧 烟气净化工艺 二英 脱除特性 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X701