柴达木盆地东部大气可降水量时空分布特征及其对牧草生长的影响  

TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION CHARACTERISTICS OF ATMOSPHERIC PRECIPITATION IN THE EASTERN QAIDAM BASIN AND ITS IMPACT ON GRASS GROWTH

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作  者:唐文惠 谢文山 钱玮 袁世龙 李娜 TANG Wen-hui(Wulan Meteorological Bureau,Wulan Qinghai 817199,China)

机构地区:[1]乌兰县气象局,青海乌兰817199 [2]天峻县气象局,青海天峻817299 [3]海西州气象局,青海德令哈817000

出  处:《青海草业》2024年第4期67-75,共9页Qinghai Prataculture

摘  要:本文基于柴达木盆地东部6个气象观测站1981~2022年水汽压月值数据,通过线性回归、滑动平均、插值法等方法对柴达木盆地东部大气可降水量时空分布进行了分析研究,探讨了大气可降水量对牧草生长的影响。结果表明:柴达木盆地东部年大气可降水量在0.56~0.79cm之间,其气候倾向率为0.02cm/10a,呈缓慢增加的趋势,从空间分布上呈自东北向西南先增加后递减的分布特征;德令哈大气可降水量气候倾向率为0.01cm/10a,天峻、都兰和乌兰均为0.02cm/10a,最大大气可降水量均出现在2018年,最小大气可降水量均出现在1984年;从5a滑动平均来看,柴达木盆地东部4县(市)均呈2个波峰变化趋势;大气可降水量月值变化随时间呈单峰曲线分布;大气可降水量各季节气候倾向率夏季最大,秋季次之;柴达木盆地东部大气可降水量春、夏、秋季呈自东北向西南先增加后递减的趋势,冬季呈自东向西逐渐增加的趋势。天峻2005~2022年牧草产量以每年6.0g/m2的速率增加。大气可降水量与牧草返青期、开花期呈负相关关系,与枯黄期和牧草产量呈显著正相关关系。Based on monthly water vapor pressure data from six meteorological observation stations in the eastern Qaidam Basin from 1981 to 2022,this article analyzes and studies the spatiotemporal distribution of atmospheric precipitation in the eastern Qaidam Basin through methods such as linear regression,moving average,and interpolation,and explores the impact of atmospheric precipitation on grass growth.The results indicate that the annual atmospheric precipitation in the eastern part of the Qaidam Basin ranges from 0.56 to 0.79 cm,with a climate inclination rate of 0.02 cm/10a,showing a slow increasing trend.In terms of spatial distribution,it exhibits a distribution characteristic of first increasing and then decreasing from northeast to southwest;The climate tendency rate of atmospheric precipitation in Delingha is 0.01 cm/10 a,while that in Tianjun,Dulan,and Wulan is 0.02 cm/10Wa.The maximum atmospheric precipitation occurred in 2018,and the minimum occurred in 1984.From the 5a sliding average,the four counties(cities)in the eastern part of the Qaidam Basin show two peak changing trends;The monthly variation of atmospheric precipitation shows a unimodal curve distribution over time;The climate tendency of atmospheric precipitation in different seasons is highest in summer and second in autumn;The atmospheric precipitation in the eastern part of the Qaidam Basin shows a trend of increasing first and then decreasing from northeast to southwest in spring,summer,and autumn,and gradually increasing from east to west in winter.From 2005 to 2020,the grass yield in Tianjun increased at a rate of 6.0 g/m'per year.The atmospheric precipitation is negatively correlated with the greening and flowering periods of grass,and significantly positively correlated with the yellowing and withering periods and grass yield.

关 键 词:柴达木盆地 大气可降水量 水汽压 牧草生长 

分 类 号:S812[农业科学—草业科学] P426.6[农业科学—畜牧学]

 

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