“开垦自己的智性和道德花园”:霍桑、詹姆斯与19世纪美国的社会改革  

"Cultivate One's Own Garden Morally and Intellectually":Hawthorne,James and the 19th-century American Social Reform

作　　者：原玉薇 Yuan Yuwei

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学外国语学院

出　　处：《英语文学研究》2024年第2期160-172,共13页Journal of Literature in English

基　　金：陕西省社科基金项目“玛丽·雪莱的疾病书写与启蒙主体性反思”(2022H023)阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：在美国历史上,19世纪是一个热衷社会改革的时代。两代经典作家的经典小说——纳撒尼尔·霍桑的《福谷传奇》和亨利·詹姆斯的《波士顿人》就是美国改革主题小说的杰出代表作。在这两部小说中,作家深入审视了改革者的社会行为背后的智识水平和道德状况,认为如果改革者充满了无知偏见和自私欲望,那么他们的改革构想便会脱离现实或变得简单粗暴,进而陷入盲目狂热的泥潭,其博爱初衷也会被利己主义吞噬。虽然改革观的出发点各异,但是霍桑和詹姆斯都秉承了爱德蒙·伯克的理性保守主义思想传统,坚信社会改革应当首先从改革者自身的思想认知和道德品质的提升开始,然后才能谈得上改革运动获得成效。The 19th-century witnessed a wide-spread passion for social reform in America,and this phenomenon is dealt with extensively by novelists Nathaniel Hawthorne and Henry James in their representative reform novels The Blithedale Romance and The Bostonians.In these works,they made careful examinations of the reformers'intellectual and moral defects,and showed that if the reformers in their social activity cannot free themselves from ignorance and selfishness,the reform is sure to turn into unrealistic or simplified plans and get bogged down in fanaticism and in egotism however benevolent their intentions are.Hawthorne and James,despite their reform views'different starting points,both inherited Edmund Burke's rational conservatism and held that reformers ought to improve their mind and morality first before carrying out a reform.

关 键 词：霍桑 詹姆斯 社会改革 利己主义 理性保守主义 

分 类 号：I712.074[文学—其他各国文学]