修复型与反思型怀旧:托妮·莫里森《天堂》中身份意识的嬗变  

Restorative and Reflective Nostalgia:The Change in Consciousness of Identity in Toni Morrison's Paradise

作　　者：周奇林 Zhou Qilin

机构地区：[1]南京大学外国语学院

出　　处：《英语文学研究》2024年第2期173-185,共13页Journal of Literature in English

基　　金：2019年辽宁省教育厅人文社科基础研究项目“莫里森‘历史三部曲’的景观与记忆研究”(2019JYT12);2019年度大连外国语大学科研基金项目“莫里森‘历史三部曲’的景观与记忆研究”(2019XJYB07)阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：托妮·莫里森的《天堂》讲述了非洲裔美国黑人家族“八层石头”的三代人从奴隶到深肤色黑人,再到非洲裔美国人的身份嬗变。第三代“八层石头”最初怀念黑文镇所象征的祖辈的纯黑人身份,在修复型怀旧的驱使下,按照已经被毁灭的黑文镇的经验重建鲁比镇:他们修复大炉灶,为维护纯黑人身份而血洗女修道院。然而,女修道院事件和随后的葬礼促使“八层石头”第三代人开始反思身份问题,由此开启了从深肤色黑人向非裔美国人身份观的转变。鲁比镇的经历表明,非裔美国人的身份认同之路仍未走完,黑人种族主义和白人种族主义同样不可取,同时它也表明,他们的未来在于多元文化,而非本质主义的黑人性。本文基于博伊姆对怀旧的定义,以及修复型怀旧和反思型怀旧理念区分具体展开讨论,强调立足当下解决种族困境的重要意义。Toni Morrison's Paradise tells the story of three generations of African-American family"8-Rocks,"and their developing self-identification which evolves from former slaves to dark-colour blacks and finally to Afro-Americans.The third-generation 8-Rocks admire the pure blackness constructed by their forefathers and symbolized by the all-black town Haven.Driven by the restorative nostalgia,they reconstruct the town of Ruby in the image of Haven,restore the Oven,and massacre the Convent women in order to maintain their al-black identity.The cruelty of Convent event and subsequent funeral urge the 8-Rocks to reflect on their action,leading to a transformation in their identification from the dark-color blacks to African-Americans.The Ruby experience shows that African-Americans'identification process still has a long way to go,and black racism is as wrong as white racism.It also shows that the future of Afro-Americans lies in multiculturalism,rather than essentialist negretude.This paper uses Boym's concepts of nostalgia,both restorative and reflective nostalgia,to discuss the identity issue in the novel and hightlights the significance of solving racial predicament on the ground of the present circumstances.

关 键 词：托妮·莫里森 怀旧 身份认同 本质主义 多元文化 

分 类 号：I712.074[文学—其他各国文学]