昆虫相关放线菌资源挖掘利用研究进展  

Progress in the Mining and Utilization of Insect-associated Actinomycete Resources

作　　者：赵正阳 谢丙炎[2] 成新跃[3] 李惠霞 ZHAO Zheng-yang;XIE Bing-yan;CHENG Xin-yue;LI Hui-xia(College of Plant Protection,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070;Institute of Vegetables and Flowers,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081;College of Life Sciences,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学植物保护学院,兰州730070 [2]中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所,北京100081 [3]北京师范大学生命科学学院,北京100875

出　　处：《生物技术通报》2024年第11期113-124,共12页Biotechnology Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32260654);国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD1400400)。

摘　　要：昆虫是自然界物种多样性最丰富的生物类群之一,它们在漫长的进化过程中与各种功能独特的共生菌建立了紧密的共生关系。这些共生关系早期被认为是互惠互利的关系,近年来的研究还发现了偏利共生和寄生关系等。在这些共生菌中,放线菌是一类特殊的微生物,它们可存在于昆虫肠道、粪便、触角、外骨骼以及培菌昆虫的菌圃中,帮助宿主昆虫抵御病原菌、寄生虫和捕食者,在维持宿主昆虫生存和繁衍方面起到了重要作用。近年来,人们从昆虫共生放线菌产生的代谢产物中分离到多种新型化合物,这些化合物可以抑制多种动植物病原菌、肿瘤细胞以及癌细胞的增殖。因此,研究昆虫相关放线菌不仅可以解析宿主与微生物的共生机制,还可以为生物农药与生物医药的开发提供新的选择。本文对昆虫相关放线菌资源挖掘与利用进行综述,总结了不同种类昆虫相关放线菌资源和功能多样性,同时对有重要活性的昆虫相关放线菌的次级代谢产物按照结构差异进行分类研究,主要包括多肽、醌酮、内酯、生物碱及其他化合物等,探讨了这些次级代谢产物的功能多样性,为深入理解生态系统的运作,发现新的生物活性物质,以及开发新型生物农药和医药奠定基础。Insects are one of the most species-diverse groups of organisms in nature,and they have established close symbiotic relationships with a variety of functionally unique symbionts during their long evolutionary process.These symbiotic relationships were understood to be mutually beneficial in the early days,and recent studies have also revealed commensalism and parasitism.Among these symbionts,actinomycetes are a special group of microorganisms that can be found in the insect gut,feces,antennae,exoskeleton,and the fungus gardens of fungus-growing insects,which help host insects to defend themselves against pathogens,parasites,and predators,and they play an important role in maintaining the survival and reproduction of host insects.In recent years,a variety of novel compounds have been isolated from the metabolites produced by insect-associated actinomycetes,which can inhibit the proliferation of various plant and animal pathogens,tumor cells,and cancer cells.Therefore,the study on insect-associated actinomycetes can not only analyze the symbiotic mechanism between host and microorganisms but also provide new options for developing biopesticides and biopharmaceuticals.This paper reviews the research progress on the mining and utilization of insect-associated actinomycetes,mainly summarizes the resources and functional diversity of different species of insect-associated actinomycetes,concurrently classifies the secondary metabolites of insect-associated actinomycetes with important activities according to the structural differences,including polypeptide,quinine and polyketide,lactone,alkaloid and other compounds,as well as explores the functional diversity of these secondary metabolites,thus providing a foundation for understanding the operation of ecosystems,discovering new bioactive substances,and developing new biopesticides and pharmaceuticals.

关 键 词：昆虫 放线菌 次级代谢产物 

分 类 号：Q968[生物学—昆虫学] Q939.9