宁夏社区中老年骨质疏松症的知信行调查及其影响因素分析  

Knowledge and Belief Survey on Osteoporosis among Middle-aged and Elderly People in Some Communities in Ningxia and Analysis of Their Influencing Factors

作　　者：朱婷婷 白桂荣 董虎强 李昕笃 范亚蕾 谢晓敏[2] ZHU Tingting;BAI Guirong;DONG Huqiang;LI Xindu;FAN Yalei;XIE Xiaomin(School of Public Health,Ningxia Medical University,Yinchuan 750004,China;The First People’s Hospital of Yinchuan,School of the Second Clinical Medical College,Ningxia Medical University,Yinchuan 750001,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏医科大学公共卫生学院,银川750004 [2]银川市第一人民医院,宁夏医科大学第二临床医学院,银川750001

出　　处：《宁夏医科大学学报》2024年第11期1152-1157,共6页Journal of Ningxia Medical University

基　　金：宁夏回族自治区科技惠民专项(2022CMG03031)。

摘　　要：目的了解宁夏社区中老年人群骨质疏松症(OP)知信行的现状及其影响因素。方法于2023年8月至2023年12月采用方便抽样方法选取贺兰县、盐池县10个社区年龄≥40岁的常住居民759例,所有参研者均事先使用超声骨密度仪测非优势手桡骨骨密度(BMD),根据BMD是否正常分为OP组、骨量减少组和健康组。采用一般情况调查表、OP知识问卷、健康信念和自我效能量表对3组人群进行问卷调查,并运用多重线性回归分析相关影响因素,使用中介效应分析中老年人群OP知信行之间的关系。结果OP组的知信行得分在中老年人群中偏低,知识、健康信念和自我效能分别为(8.92±5.76)分、(138.94±19.81)分、(71.43±21.94)分;健康组的知识、健康信念、自我效能得分均高于骨量减少组和OP组(P均<0.05)。多因素分析结果显示:OP知识的主要影响因素是性别、年龄、居住地、工作状态、经济状况、文化程度和体育锻炼;健康信念的主要影响因素是居住地、经济水平和体育锻炼;自我效能得分的主要影响因素是家庭月收入和体育锻炼。中介效应分析结果显示,中老年人群OP健康信念在知识对健康行为的影响中发挥部分中介作用。结论宁夏社区中老年人群OP知信行得分有待提高,应加强中老年人群相关知识健康宣教,提高社区管理力度。Objective The present situation of known information and faith on osteoporosis(OP)and its parameters in the senior adults in the community of Ningxia.Methods From August 2023 to December 2023,759 cases of permanent residents aged≥40 in 10 communities in Helan County and Yanchi County were selected by convenience sampling,and the bone mineral density(BMD)of the participants was tested,and the participants were divided into the OP group,the bone loss group,and the healthy group according to the normal BMD,and the questionnaire survey was conducted by using the general information questionnaire,the questionnaire of knowledge about OP,the questionnaire of health beliefs,and the questionnaire of self-efficacy for the three groups.Questionnaires were administered to the three groups,and multiple linear regression was used to analyse the relevant influencing factors,and mediation effects were used to analyse the relationship between OP knowledge,beliefs and behaviours in the middle-aged and elderly population.Results The middle-aged and elderly population exhibited a low level of knowledge,belief,and behavior concerning OP;the scores for knowledge,health belief,and self-efficacy were(8.92±5.76)score,(138.94±19.81)score,and(71.43±21.94)score,respectively.Education,health beliefs,and self-efficacy levels were higher in the healthy population group than in the bone loss and OP groups,and the difference was statistically significant(P all<0.05).Multi-factor results showed that gender,age,place of residence,work status,economic status,literacy,and exercise were the main influences on OP knowledge;place of residence,economic level,and physical activity were the main influences on health beliefs;and monthly family income and exercise were the main influences on self-efficacy scores.The mediating effect revealed that OP health belief had a partial role in the impact of knowledge on health conduct among middle-aged and elderly people.Conclusion It is necessary to enhance the OP awareness,conviction and conduct of middle-age

关 键 词：骨质疏松症 中老年人群 知信行 影响因素 

分 类 号：R473.2[医药卫生—护理学]