电子数据搜查的逻辑推演和制度构建  

Logic Deduction and Institutional Construction of Electronic Data Search

作　　者：李克中 Li Kezhong(Southwest University of Political Science and Law,Chongqing,401120)

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学,重庆401120

出　　处：《湖南警察学院学报》2024年第5期5-20,共16页Journal of Hunan Police Academy

摘　　要：电子数据搜查是近年热门侦查手段之一,但我国却未在大数据时代对电子数据搜查作出立法上的回应。因此,为验证电子数据搜查规则构建的可行性,有必要从传统搜查的概念和特征出发,探寻电子数据搜查的行为模式、内涵、面临的困境及其解决思路。电子数据搜查之行为性质、功能、本质与传统搜查有高度相似性,可以将传统搜查扩张解释至电子数据搜查,也可以利用传统搜查的规制方法来约束电子数据搜查。但问题是,我国的电子数据取证措施中存在大量的“变相搜查”,而且电子数据搜查在实践中会面临难以当场判断关联性、严重侵害公民权利等困境。为解决以上问题,须通过比例原则对电子数据搜查行为予以规制,同时在此前提下运用法律保留原则对公民权利予以事先保护,然后完善、变造传统搜查的搜查证制度、见证人制度,以完成电子数据搜查的制度构建。Electronic data searoh is one of the popular inrestigative methods in recent years,but China has not made a legislative response to electronic data searches in the era of big data.Therefore,in order to verify the feasibility of constructing rules for electronic data search,it is necessary to start from the concept and characteristics of traditional search,explore the behavioral patterns,connotations,challenges faced by electronic data search,and their solutions.The nature,function,and essence of electronic data search are highly similar to traditional search.Traditional search can be extended to electronic data search,and the regulatory methods of traditional search can also be used to constrain electronic data search.However,the problem is that there are too many"disguised searches"in China's electronic data forensics measures,and electronic data searches will face difficulties in determining relevance on the spot and seriously infringing on civil rights in practice.To solve the above problems,it is necessary to regulate electronic data search behavior through the principle of proportionality,apply the principle of legal reservation to protect civil rights in advance at the same time,and then improve and modify the traditional search warrant system and witness system to complete the construction of the electronic data search system.

关 键 词：搜查 电子数据搜查 强制侦查 

分 类 号：D631.2[政治法律—政治学]