罚金与惩罚性赔偿金的折抵——以刑事附带民事公益诉讼为前提  

Deduction of Fines and Punitive Damages:Based on the Premise of Criminal Incidental Civil Public Interest Litigation

作　　者：李茜[1] 马瑞泽 Li Qian;Ma Ruize(Xiangtan University,Xiangtan,411105,Huan;Handan People's Procuratorate of Hebei Province,Handan,056005,Hebei)

机构地区：[1]湘潭大学,湖南湘潭411105 [2]河北省邯郸市人民检察院,河北邯郸056005

出　　处：《湖南警察学院学报》2024年第5期54-62,共9页Journal of Hunan Police Academy

基　　金：2020年湖南省教育厅重点项目“罚金与惩罚性赔偿衔接原则及其展开”(20A177);2024年湘潭大学研究生科研项目“轻罪背景下《刑法》第37条的激活适用”(XDCX2024Y)。

摘　　要：惩罚性赔偿金作为一种特殊的民事责任承担方式,其规范意旨在于实现“惩罚”这一目的。法律规范将惩罚性赔偿制度的适用限定于消费者权益保护、知识产权、食药安全以及生态环境领域的原因在于这些领域的侵权行为具有分散性,既往以填平原则为指导的民事责任无法实现有效规制。罚金与惩罚性赔偿金的共通性在于惩罚性,从违法行为人的视角来看,二者为其带去的痛苦一致,如果同时适用且不进行折抵,则将面临“双重处罚”的危险。过罚相当原则的坚守也要求二者进行折抵。惩罚性赔偿适用的领域与违法一元论具有天然亲近性,在法秩序统一性的视野下,该领域民事侵权行为与刑事犯罪行为之间仅存在量的差异的特征,这也要求同为发挥惩罚作用的罚金与惩罚性赔偿金之间进行折抵。As a special way of bearing civil liability,punitive damages are intended to realize the purpose of"punishment".The reason why legal regulations limit the application of the punitive damages system to areas such as consumer rights protection,intellectual property,food and drug safety,and environmental protection is that infringements in these fields are dispersed.In the past,civil liability guided by the principle of compensation could not effectively regulate these violations.The commonality of fines and punitive damages lies in punishment.From the perspective of the offender,the pain is the same.If it is applied and not offset simultaneously,offenders will face the danger of"double punishment".The adherence to the principle of excessive punishment also requires the two to be offset.The applicable field of punitive damages and illegal monism have a natural affinity.From the perspective of the unity of law and order,there is only a difference in quantity between civil tort acts and criminal acts in this field,which also requires the offset between the penalty and punitive damages.

关 键 词：惩罚性赔偿 罚金 折抵 法律责任 过罚相当 

分 类 号：D924.13[政治法律—刑法学]