电磁隐身衣的研究进展与发展趋势  

Research progress and development trend of electromagnetic cloaking

作　　者：孙冉 孙非 刘一超 Sun Ran;Sun Fei;Liu Yichao(School of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering,Key Laboratory of Advanced Sensors and Intelligent Control,Taiyuan University of Technology,Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province,Taiyuan,Shanxi 030024,China)

机构地区：[1]太原理工大学电子信息与光学工程学院,先进传感器与智能控制教育部和山西省重点实验室,山西太原030024

出　　处：《光电工程》2024年第10期1-30,共30页Opto-Electronic Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(12274317,12374277)。

摘　　要：随着电磁隐身方法的发展,能够使物体的散射截面接近零的电磁隐身结构已成为研究热点,并在未来的军事设备隐身、电磁防护、隐形传感器等领域具有重要的应用价值。本文介绍了不同类型隐身结构的原理、工作条件和性能指标,解释了雷达隐身与完美隐身、全空间与半空间隐身之间的区别,回顾了光线绕射和散射抵消这两种主要的隐身机制,梳理了设计隐身结构常用的理论方法、材料类型和优化算法,对国内外隐身相关的关键理论研究和实验进展进行了总结。最后,对隐身结构存在的主要问题进行了总结,并对其未来的发展方向进行了展望。With the advancement of electromagnetic cloaking techniques,structures that can reduce an object's radar cross-section to nearly zero have become a focal point of research and are expected to have substantial application value in areas such as military equipment cloaking,electromagnetic shielding,and invisible sensors.This paper outlines the principles,operating conditions,and performance metrics of various types of cloaking structures,clarifies the distinctions between radar cloaking and perfect cloaking,as well as between full-space and carpet cloaking.It reviews the two primary cloaking mechanisms of light bending and scattering cancellation,and provides a summary of the theoretical approaches,material types,and optimization algorithms commonly employed in the design of cloaking structures.Additionally,it compiles a review of the key theoretical studies and experimental advancements in cloaking both domestically and internationally.Finally,a summary of the main issues existing in cloaking structures is provided,and a prospective view on their future development direction is presented.

关 键 词：隐身 超材料 散射抵消 变换光学 

分 类 号：TB34[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程] O436[机械工程—光学工程]