汉语极性问句“标句位置-信疑态度”的对应关系及结构理据  

The Structural Basis for the Correspondence Between Clause-typing Positions and Speaker Attitudes in Chinese Polar Questions

作　　者：欧阳娇 王迟 Ouyang Jiao;Wang Chi(School of Foreign Languages,Hunan University of Arts and Science,Changde Hunan 415000;College of Liberal Arts,Hunan Normal University,Changsha Huna 410081)

机构地区：[1]湖南文理学院外国语学院,湖南常德415000 [2]湖南师范大学文学院,湖南长沙410081

出　　处：《语言科学》2024年第6期611-626,共16页Linguistic Sciences

基　　金：2023年度湖南省社会科学成果评审委员会课题(XSP2023WXC046);教育部人文社会科学研究青年(21YJC740051)的成果。

摘　　要：汉语普通话和方言的极性问句按照信疑态度可以分为两类,“吗”字问和语调问句涉及言者的信疑态度(具备[+信疑态度]特征),正反问和F-VP问句不涉及信疑态度(具备[-信疑态度]特征)。极性问句不同成员的信疑态度又与它们的标句位置呈现对应关系,带[-信疑态度]特征的正反问和F-VP问句在谓头(时态短语TP层)标示疑问,带[+信疑态度]特征的“吗”字问和语调问在非谓头(标句短语CP层)标示疑问。“标句位置-信疑态度”对应关系的结构理据可以从生成语法制图理论的句法分层假设得到解释,同时可以从跨语言的角度加以验证。Based on the presence(absence)of speaker attitudes,Chinese polar questions(both in Mandarin and dialects)can be classified into two types:type 1 which carries the feature[+attitude],including ma(吗)-questions and intonation-marked questions;type 2 which carries the feature[-attitude],including A-NOT-A questions and F-VP questions.The members of polar questions show a correspondence between clause typing positions and speaker attitudes,with those typed at TP bearing[-attitude]and those typed at CP bearing[+attitude].The above correlation is rooted in the architecture of syntax proposed in Cartographic Approach,and also evidenced by cross-linguistic data.

关 键 词：极性问句 标句位置 信疑态度 对应理据 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语]