职业机动车驾驶员血压和心电图异常的影响因素分析  

Analysis of the influencing factors of abnormal blood pressure and electrocardiogram in occupational motor vehicle drivers

作　　者：郑亦沐 李树强[1] 赵赞梅[1] 郭利霞[1] 李亚红[1] 关里[1] Zheng Yimu;Li Shuqiang;Zhao Zanmei;Guo Lixia;Li Yahong;Guan Li(Department of Occupational Diseases,Peking University Third Hospital,Beijing 100191,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学第三医院职业病科,北京100191

出　　处：《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》2024年第11期821-825,共5页Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases

基　　金：北京大学中公德善职业病发展项目(48014Y0232);国家临床重点专科建设项目(职业病专科,2011-872);北京市海淀区预防医学会课题(2017HDPMA08)。

摘　　要：目的探讨职业机动车驾驶员血压和心电图异常的影响因素。方法于2024年1月,采用整群抽样方法,以2023年在北京大学第三医院完成职业健康检查的北京市某运输服务企业606名职业机动车驾驶员为观察组,以596名非职业机动车驾驶员为对照组。收集劳动者个人史、职业史、血压和心电图等信息,采用多因素logistic回归分析职业机动车驾驶作业对高血压和心电图的影响。结果观察组劳动者年龄(34.1±7.8)岁,工龄(7.0±7.1)年;对照组年龄(33.8±7.6)岁,工龄(7.7±6.5)年。两组年龄和工龄差异均无统计学意义(t=0.62、-1.90,P=0.538、0.057)。观察组劳动者收缩压(133.0±14.7)mmHg,舒张压(83.7±11.6)mmHg,高血压检出率33.0%(200/606),心电图异常检出率39.9%(242/606),均明显高于对照组劳动者[(127.8±14.4)mmHg、(77.5±11.0)mmHg、24.7%(147/596)、31.0%(185/596)],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,职业机动车驾驶作业是高血压和心电图异常的危险因素(OR=1.210、1.578,95%CI:1.145~1.231、1.237~2.012,P<0.001)。结论职业机动车驾驶作业可能导致劳动者高血压患病和心电图异常风险升高。ObjectiveTo explore the influencing factors of abnormal blood pressure and electrocardiogram(ECG)in occupational motor vehicle drivers.MethodsIn January 2024,a cluster sampling method was used to study 606 occupational motor vehicle drivers from a transportation service enterprise in Beijing who completed occupational health examination in 2023 in Peking University Third Hospital as observation group and 596 non-occupational motor vehicle drivers as control group.The data of personal history,occupational history,blood pressure and ECG were collected,and the effects of occupational motor vehicle driving on hypertension and ECG were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression.ResultsThe age of workers in the observation group was(34.1±7.8)years old,and the length of service was(7.0±7.1)years.The age of the control group was(33.8±7.6)years old,and the working age was(7.7±6.5)years.There was no significant difference in age and length of service between the two groups(t=0.62,-1.90,P=0.538,0.057).Systolic blood pressure(133.0±14.7)mmHg,diastolic blood pressure(83.7±11.6)mmHg,hypertension detection rate of 33.0%(200/606),ECG abnormality detection rate of 39.9%(242/606).They were significantly higher than those in the control group[(127.8±14.4)mmHg,(77.5±11.0)mmHg,24.7%(147/596),31.0%(185/596)],and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that occupational motor vehicle driving were risk factors for hypertension and abnormal ECG(OR=1.210,1.578;95%CI:1.145-1.231,1.237-2.012;P<0.001).ConclusionOccupational motor vehicle driving may increase the risk of hypertension and abnormal ECG in workers.

关 键 词：高血压 汽车驾驶 职业机动车驾驶作业 心电图异常 风险 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]