户籍工资差距中歧视的形成路径——基于城市偏向的劳动力市场搜寻分析  

The Formation Path of Discrimination in Hukou Wage Gap:Analysis Based on Urban-biased Labor Market Search

作　　者：许敏波 鄢姣 XU Min-bo;YAN Jiao

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学经济与工商管理学院 [2]首都经济贸易大学经济学院

出　　处：《北京社会科学》2024年第12期60-72,共13页Social Sciences of Beijing

摘　　要：首先,构建城市偏向的劳动力市场搜寻模型解释户籍工资差距中歧视的形成路径:城市偏向政策要求各类用人单位优先保障城镇劳动者就业,使得雇主在劳动力市场上搜寻非农户籍劳动者的强度更高,最终导致歧视性的户籍工资差距。然后,利用2005年人口抽样调查数据和286个地级市统计数据进行实证检验,结果显示:劳动力市场上雇主搜寻强度的户籍歧视越大,劳动者的户籍工资差距越大;教育水平提高可以降低劳动者面临的雇主搜寻歧视,但是搜寻歧视对更高教育水平群体户籍工资差距的边际影响更大。同时,采用2018年住户调查数据评估了城乡劳动力市场一体化政策的成效,发现当前户籍方面的雇主搜寻歧视已经基本消除。在城乡统一劳动力市场已经初步建立的背景下,雇主搜寻歧视在地域、性别、年龄等方面依然存在,促进高质量充分就业应该进一步消除各类就业歧视。First,this paper proposes the urban-biased labor market search model to explain the formation path of discrimination in the hukou wage gap:the urban-biased policy requires all kinds of employers to give priority to the employment of urban workers,which makes employers search for non-agricultural hukou workers more intensively in the labor market,ultimately leading to hukou wage discrimination.Then,we empirically test the theory using the 2005 population sampling survey and statistical data from 286 prefecture-level cities.The results show that the greater the hukou discrimination in labor market search intensity,the larger the hukou wage gap among workers;improved education level can reduce employer search discrimination faced by workers,but the marginal effect of search discrimination on wage gap among higher-educated groups is greater.Meanwhile,the effectiveness of the urban-rural labor market integration policy is evaluated by using the 2018 household survey data,and it finds that the current employer search discrimination in terms of hukou has been basically eliminated.In the context of the initial establishment of a unified urban-rural labor market,employer search discrimination is still common in terms of region,gender,age,etc.,and promoting highquality full employment should further eliminate various types of employment discrimination.

关 键 词：户籍工资差距 工资歧视 城市偏向政策 劳动力市场搜寻 城乡劳动力市场一体化 

分 类 号：F244[经济管理—劳动经济]