社会机制视角下老年人志愿服务参与的困境及提升路径  

The Dilemma and Promotion Path of Older AdultsParticipation in Volunteering From the Perspective of Social Mechanism

作　　者：熊伊伊 陈功[1,2] XIONG Yi-yi;CHEN Gong

机构地区：[1]北京大学人口研究所 [2]北京大学中国老龄事业发展研究中心

出　　处：《北京社会科学》2024年第12期101-110,共10页Social Sciences of Beijing

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目(22BSH034)——进城农民工增收致富的实践策略与主体性经验研究。

摘　　要：老年人志愿服务参与是一个兼具复杂性和动态性的社会现象,参与行为既源于个体的动机和需求,也受到社会关系和外部环境的影响。运用社会机制分析视角,从认知、关系和环境三个层次出发,从微观互动到宏观结构对老年人志愿服务参与的动机、面临的困境以及提升老年人志愿服务参与的可能路径进行多层次的系统性解释,结果显示:志愿服务内容单一导致的老年人自我实现需求未被满足、社区共同体衰落引起的“社区感”缺失以及因制度和文化环境不完善形成的外部支持欠缺现象阻碍了老年人的志愿服务参与。认为要提高老年人的志愿服务参与水平可以从以下几个方面入手:扩展志愿服务内容以满足老年人的多样化需求;重建社区共同体以提高老年人的社区认同;塑造老年友好的志愿服务制度和文化环境以提供良好的外部支持环境。The participation of senior citizens in volunteering is a complex and dynamic social phenomenon,driven by both individual motivations and needs,as well as influenced by social relationships and external environment.This study applies a social mechanism analysis perspective,examining the motivations for senior citizensparticipation in volunteer services,the challenges they face,and potential pathways for enhancing their involvement,from the micro-level of individual interactions to the macro-level of societal structures.The study suggests that limited volunteering options fail to meet the senior citizensneeds for self-actualization,the decline of community cohesion leads to a loss of“sense of community”,and inadequate external support,caused by incomplete institutional and cultural environments,all hinder senior citizensparticipation in volunteering.To improve their participation,the study proposes several strategies:expanding the content of volunteer services to meet the diverse needs of older adults,rebuilding community cohesion to enhance their sense of belonging,and creating an age-friendly volunteering system and cultural environment to provide robust external support.

关 键 词：志愿服务 社会机制 老年人 

分 类 号：C23[社会学]