高应力巷道切缝补偿卸压技术方法及应用  

Pressure-relief technique and its application based on seam-cutting compensation in high-stress roadway

作　　者：张星宇 杨军[2] 高玉兵 薛浩杰 郭鹏飞 何满潮[2] ZHANG Xingyu;YANG Jun;GAO Yubing;XUE Haojie;GUO Pengfei;HE Manchao(School of Engineering,Westlake University,Hangzhou 310030,China;State Key Laboratory of Tunnel Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;School of Civil Engineering,Shaoxing University,Shaoxing 312000,China)

机构地区：[1]西湖大学工学院,浙江杭州310030 [2]中国矿业大学(北京)隧道工程灾变防控与智能建养全国重点实验室,北京100083 [3]绍兴文理学院土木工程学院,浙江绍兴312000

出　　处：《煤炭学报》2024年第11期4377-4389,共13页Journal of China Coal Society

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(41941018)。

摘　　要：随着煤矿地下开采深度及强度的增大,巷道矿压问题已然制约煤矿的安全高效发展。针对目前高应力巷道失稳难题,提出了巷道切缝补偿卸压技术方法。综合运用理论分析、数值模拟和现场试验手段,阐明了巷道切缝补偿卸压机制,解释了技术方法的关键技术参数及其应用。结果表明,面对矿井开采形成的动静荷载,巷道切缝补偿卸压技术方法并不强调对煤岩体的破碎以释放集中应力,而是综合利用顶板切缝和岩体碎胀作用,同时减小目标保护巷道的开采动静荷载,实现巷道主动卸压。在减弱开采动荷载方面,巷道切缝补偿卸压技术方法利用顶板切缝和岩体碎胀特性实现开采补偿,及时有效支撑上位顶板,弱化上位顶板动态加载效应,另结合切缝对动载应力传递的抑制作用,综合减弱开采动荷载;在降低开采静荷载方面,巷道切缝补偿卸压技术方法利用顶板切缝作用保护煤柱完整性,使其整体有效承载,并通过抑制采空区应力传递,综合降低开采静荷载。切缝角度和切缝长度是巷道切缝补偿卸压技术方法的关键技术参数,现场应用中可按所提理论要求设计切缝角度以保护切缝巷道顶板稳定,切缝长度设计则应使垮落碎胀岩体充满采空区。通过在典型高应力巷道的现场应用显示,巷道切缝补偿卸压技术方法有效降低了目标保护巷道所受的开采动静荷载,巷道稳定性明显改善。巷道切缝补偿卸压技术方法的提出与应用可为高应力巷道矿压防治提供切实可行的新方法及思路,助力现代化矿井安全高效开采。As the underground coal mining activities become deeper and more intensive,the ground pressure on roadway has become a significant issue hindering the safe and efficient development of coalmines.A pressure-relief approach based on seam-cutting compensation is proposed to cope with the failure of high-stress roadway.This study elucidates the pres-sure-relief mechanism and the key technical parameters with their applications by combining theoretical analysis,numeric-al simulations,and field tests.Results indicate that the proposed method does not emphasize releasing the concentrated stress by breaking coal and rock mass.Instead,it strategically uses the roof-cutting effect and broken-expansion effect of rock mass to ease dynamic and static mining loads,thereby proactively reducing the roadway pressure.Specifically,this method uses the roof cutting and the broken-expansion characteristic of rock mass to achieve the mining compensation.The upper roof is promptly supported by the bulking gangue,and the impact of dynamic loading is lessened.Meanwhile,combined with the seam-cutting effect of impeding the transition of the dynamic stress,this approach comprehensively weakens mining dynamic loads.Additionally,the seam-cutting in the roof helps maintain the integrity of coal pillar,and the pillar achieves an overall bearing.The roof cutting also minimizes the stress transmission from the mined-out area.Mining static load is therefore reduced.The seam-cutting angle and length are two key technical parameters of this ap-proach.The seam angle is designed according to the theoretical requirements to maintain the roof stability of the cutting-seam roadway,and the length should ensure that the collapsed bulking rock mass fills the mining voids.The field applica-tion in a typical high-stress roadway demonstrates that this approach effectively lowers the dynamic and static mining loads on the targeted roadway,thereby markedly improving the roadway stability.The proposed pressure-relief approach and its implementation offer a pract

关 键 词：煤矿巷道 高应力 主动卸压 动静荷载 技术应用 

分 类 号：TD322[矿业工程—矿井建设]