煤矿地面水力压裂防冲机理及效果评价方法  

Mechanism and evaluation method of rock burst prevention in coal mines using surface hydraulic fracturing

作　　者：马玉镇 高永涛[1] 朱斯陶 潘俊锋 夏开文 张修峰 姜福兴[1] 刘金海 王冰 陈洋 闫才 MA Yuzhen;GAO Yongtao;ZHU Sitao;PAN Junfeng;XIA Kaiwen;ZHANG Xiufeng;JIANG Fuxing;LIU Jinhai;WANG Bing;CHEN Yang;YAN Cai(School of Civil and Resource Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;CCTEG Coal Mining Research Institute,Beijing 100013,China;School of Engineering and Technology,China University of Geosciences,Beijing 100083,China;Shandong Energy Group Co.,Ltd.,Jinan 250014,China;Shaanxi Binchang Mining Group Co.,Ltd.,Xianyang 711300,China)

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学土木与资源工程学院,北京100083 [2]中煤科工开采研究院有限公司,北京100013 [3]中国地质大学(北京)工程技术学院,北京100083 [4]山东能源集团有限公司,山东济南250014 [5]陕西彬长矿业集团有限公司,陕西咸阳711300

出　　处：《煤炭学报》2024年第11期4390-4405,共16页Journal of China Coal Society

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2022YFC3004604);国家自然科学基金资助项目(52374076);中国科协青年人才托举工程资助项目(2021QNRC001)。

摘　　要：针对煤矿地面水力压裂防冲机理不明、防冲效果评价方法缺失问题,以孟村煤矿401102工作面水力压裂施工为研究背景,采用理论分析、现场监测、颗粒流数值模拟等方法,研究了地面水力压裂后采场覆岩结构与厚硬关键层运动形式及过程调控机制,分析了实施地面水力压裂后厚硬关键层运动形式及过程变化诱发动载荷扰动影响特征与覆岩结构变化对采掘空间静载积聚程度影响特征,揭示了煤矿地面水力压裂防冲机理,提出了煤矿地面水力压裂防冲效果评价方法并进行了应用,结论如下:地面水力压裂施工将完整的厚硬岩层沿主压裂缝破断为多个压裂岩段,厚硬岩层运动形式及过程被调控为回转或滑移运动,其运动产生的矿震能量及采场等效附加扰动应力降低,此外采场覆岩结构的调控导致采场静载积聚程度发生变化,超前支承压力水平降低,冲击危险区范围减小;与采场静载相比,地面水力压裂措施调控动载效果更为显著,通过理论计算,401102工作面压裂后覆岩运动附加等效采场扰动应力为1.72 MPa,走向支承压力峰值为42.26 MPa,冲击危险区影响范围为12 m,比未采取压裂措施相比分别降低了76.0%、8.5%、47.8%;压裂颗粒流数值模型中,压裂主裂隙为上覆岩层结构发育提供了路径,加速了压裂层位附近裂隙发育延展,促使压裂岩段发生回转或滑移运动,采场最终覆岩裂隙发育高度增加30 m,各测点走向支承压力峰值平均降低5.16 MPa;计算401102工作面防冲效果评价参数W=0.62,综合评定压裂防冲效果为优秀。In response to the lack of understanding of the rock burst prevention mechanism and the absence of evaluation methods for the prevention effect in surface hydraulic fracturing,this study focused on the hydraulic fracturing construc-tion at No 401102 working face of the Mengcun Coal Mine.The research employed theoretical analysis,on-site monitor-ing,numerical simulation,and other methods to investigate the overlying strata structure and the movement form and pro-cess control mechanism of thick and hard key strata in the mining area after surface hydraulic fracturing.The study ana-lyzed the characteristics of the dynamic load disturbance induced by the movement form and process changes of the thick and hard key strata and the characteristics of the influence of changes in the overlying rock structure on the degree of stat-ic load accumulation after the implementation of ground hydraulic fracturing in the mining space.It revealed the mechan-ism of ground hydraulic fracturing for preventing and controlling rock-bursts.Furthermore,the study proposed and ap-plied a method for evaluating the effectiveness of surface hydraulic fracturing construction to prevent rock-bursts in coal mines,and the conclusions were as follows:ground hydraulic fracturing broke a complete thick hard rock formation into several fractured strata along the main fracture.The movement forms and processes of thick and hard rock strata was regu-lated to rotary or slippery movement,resulting in a reduction in the energy of mining-induced earthquakes and the equival-ent additional disturbing stress in the working face.Additionally,the regulation of the overburden structure of the working face led to a change in the degree of static load concentration in the working face,thereby lowering the level of overbur-den pressure.Consequently,this reduced the scope of rock-burst hazard zones;Compared with the static load of the work-ing face,the effect of ground hydraulic fracturing measures in regulating the dynamic load was more significant.Through theoretical

关 键 词：地面水力压裂 冲击地压 颗粒流模拟 坚硬顶板 

分 类 号：TD324[矿业工程—矿井建设]