民俗仪式缓解乡村空心化的作用机制:福建漳州芹坂村的案例研究  

Action Mechanism of Folk Rituals in Alleviating Rural Hollowing:A Case Study of Qinban Village in Zhangzhou,Fujian

作　　者：苏婉仪 汪芳[1,2] 黄羽滋 薛鹏程 SU Wanyi;WANG Fang;HUANG Yuzi;XUE Pengcheng(College of Architecture and Landscape Architecture,Peking University;River Basin Habitats Research Center,Peking University;College of Urban and Environment Sciences,Peking University)

机构地区：[1]北京大学建筑与景观设计学院 [2]北京大学流域人居系统研究中心 [3]北京大学城市与环境学院

出　　处：《风景园林》2024年第12期27-32,共6页Landscape Architecture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目“宜居城乡地方性景观生态规划理论及方法”(编号52130804)。

摘　　要：【目的】城乡要素快速流动的背景下,缓解乡村因人口流失所产生的空心化趋势是乡村振兴的重要问题。【方法】通过参与式观察与半结构式访谈,梳理、总结了福建省漳州市芹坂村民俗仪式传承对缓解乡村空心化的作用机制。【结果】基于适应性循环理论,发现“巡境”这一民俗仪式是一种以年为周期的“微循环”,通过嵌入乡村从诞生到衰落的整体生命周期循环,来维系乡村活力。民俗仪式对乡村活力的作用具体表现为:1)民俗仪式在历史演化过程中形成了有助于促进适应性循环的行动框架,为乡村记忆延续、文化代际传承、社会网络维系与地方身份认同注入周期性的动力;2)民俗仪式为离乡群体提供了周期性返乡参与集体行动的场所与契机,通过缓解乡村社会网络瓦解并促进城乡人口、经济、信息等资本流动,提升乡村自组织、自适应、持续演化的能力;3)具有时序周期的文化活动对乡村发展的生命周期具有积极的调节作用,村落的适应性循环嵌套模型有助于在不同的时间尺度上,从动态循环的角度探究文化传承对村落适应性演化的作用机制。【结论】揭示了民俗仪式对促进乡村的适应性演化具有积极作用,为广泛的空心化乡村提供可持续发展的有效借鉴。[Objective]In the context of rapid urban-rural factor flow,the large-scale migration of rural populations has led to issues such as labor shortage,hollowing of residential area,and industrial decline,which impede rural development and contribute to the problem of rural hollowing.Addressing the aforesaid issues has become a critical concern in the context of rural revitalization.As urbanization progresses and strategies like new urbanization and rural revitalization are implemented,China has seen a trend of population flow back from cities to rural areas.The return of labor equipped with knowledge,skills,and assets presents a new opportunity for rural socio-economic development.The main objective of this research is to explore how folk rituals,as a form of folk culture,drive population return and,based on this,discuss their role in mitigating rural hollowing.[Methods]Participatory observation and semi-structured interview are employed to collect basic information on the activities,characteristics,and transmission mechanisms of folk rituals in Qinban Village.These methods are chosen to capture both the observable processes of the rituals and their in-depth connotations attributed by participants.“Adaptation”is a key concept for interpreting changes and developments in human-environment relationships.Holling’s theory of adaptive cycle extends the idea of adaptation to the research on complex systems.This theory explains the adaptive evolution of systems through four stages:Exploitation(r),Conservation(K),Release(Ω),and Reorganization(α),providing the theoretical foundation for this research.Previous research has built local adaptive cycles and applied them to study rural life cycles and dynamic development.This research constructs a nested adaptive cycle model for the village to explore how folk rituals,as a“microcycle”,interact with the village’s overall life cycle,thereby examining how the transmission of folk rituals helps mitigate rural hollowing.[Results]Folk rituals reflect social relationship an

关 键 词：乡村空心化 民俗仪式 乡村社区协作 适应性循环 

分 类 号：TU982.29[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]