日本农业文化遗产复合系统景观特征与保护利用机制  

Landscape Characteristics and Conservation and Utilization Mechanisms of Composite Agricultural Heritage Systems in Japan

作　　者：赵祎祺 郑睿楠 马嘉 章俊华[2] ZHAO Yiqi;ZHENG Ruinan;MA Jia;ZHANG Junhua(School of Landscape Architecture,Beijing Forestry University;Graduate School of Horticulture,Chiba University)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学园林学院 [2]日本千叶大学

出　　处：《风景园林》2024年第12期65-73,共9页Landscape Architecture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目“高度城镇化形势下京津冀中北部地区乡村景观营造分异选择模型研究”(编号52108037);科技部外国专家项目“典型气候区地域传统韧性景观营建机理研究”(编号G2023109001L)。

摘　　要：【目的】中日两国农业文化遗产基础条件高度相似,但保护利用机制各不相同。探究日本农业文化遗产复合系统景观特征与保护利用机制,以助推中国农业文化遗产的景观体系化保护利用工作开展。【方法】全面收集日本官方发布的32处农业文化遗产最新数据和政策文件,建立自然生态、经济生产、社会文化3类21项复合系统评价指标体系,划分具有不同景观特征的复合系统类型。【结果】依据生产方式和核心景观要素,划分出内陆传统农耕型、山区农林特色型、循环共生系统型、近海渔业资源型和湖区农渔生产型5类复合系统,根据指标数据和遗产内容,从经济生产、自然生态、社会文化三方面分析了复合系统景观的形成方式、表现特征,指出日本农业文化遗产保护利用机制和问题。【结论】确定了一套划分农业文化遗产复合系统类型的指标体系,总结出日本农业文化遗产保护利用的经验和启示,在景观要素保护类型、协同合作利用方式等方面,提出中国乡村景观和农业文化遗产的保护利用建议。[Objective]Since the Food and Agriculture Organization(FAO)of the United Nations launched the“Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems”(GIAHS)project in 2002,the GIAHS project has played an effective role in protecting and spreading traditional agricultural production methods,agricultural culture and regional agricultural landscapes around the world.The traditional farming systems in East Asia are composite,highly efficient and ecologically sustainable nurturing a large number of agricultural heritages with rich inheritance value.In East Asia,Japan participated in the GIAHS project later than China with a smaller number of agricultural heritages included in the project.This research hopes to,by studying the fine utilization of natural ecological resources by Japanese agricultural heritage and the experiences of multi-organization coordinated development in regional economic production,explore the wisdom of adaptability and toughness evolution of Chinese traditional agricultural production methods,and provide some reference for clarifying the rural landscape characteristics,constructing the heritage conservation and utilization mechanisms and realizing the value transformation of ecological products in China.[Methods]There are 15 GIAHS and 24 NIAHS in Japan,involving a total of 32 heritage sites.In terms of distribution,they are widely distributed in all parts of Japan except Hokkaido and Okinawa,covering landform types such as plain,mountain,hill,river,and coast,including agricultural,forestry,fishery,and animal husbandry production landscapes such as rice field,orchard,plantation,as well as traditional fishery and animal husbandry sites.From the perspective of the overall composite system,this research analyzes the landscape characteristics of agricultural heritage in Japan and summarizes the experiences and conservation in the conservation and utilization of such heritage.Through the comprehensive collection of official data and government open source data of 32 heritage sites,21 composite system ev

关 键 词：乡村景观 农业文化遗产 复合系统 主题聚类分析 景观特征 

分 类 号：TU986[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]