南京市鸟类生境识别与网络构建  

Avian Habitat Identification and Network Construction in Nanjing

作　　者：杨云峰[1] 蔡瑾 熊瑶[2] YANG Yunfeng;CAI Jin;XIONG Yao(College of Landscape Architecture,Nanjing Forestry University;College of Art and Design,Nanjing Forestry University)

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学风景园林学院 [2]南京林业大学艺术设计学院

出　　处：《风景园林》2024年第12期87-95,共9页Landscape Architecture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金“基于风热环境调控的城市绿地空间格局多尺度模拟与优化研究——以南京为例”(编号32171859);国家自然科学基金“基于韧性理论的湿地公园情景规划方法研究”(编号32171856)。

摘　　要：【目的】城市化进程的加快严重威胁鸟类多样性,恢复城市生境、维护生态系统健康与稳定是保护城市生物多样性的关键。【方法】按照从“单一生境”到“完整网络”的步骤完善南京市鸟类生境网络体系,使用最大熵模型(MaxEnt)识别生境,生成城市鸟类生境适宜区,并选取预测结果值大于0.9的核心区域确定为鸟类生境源地;运用形态学空间格局分析法(morphological spatial pattern analysis,MSPA)识别城市边缘生境斑块,利用最小累积阻力(minimum cumulative resistance,MCR)模型和电路理论模型完成源地与斑块间的生境网络构建及优化。【结果】1)识别出钟山风景区内水陆相交及林地区域、城市边缘大型森林公园为南京市鸟类高适宜区生境,最湿月降水量、土地利用类型和与水域的距离是影响鸟类生境适宜性的主要因子;2)构建了钟山风景区的生境源地与南京城市范围内生境斑块的鸟类生境网络,其中长江及滁河沿线较城中公园绿地的丰富性和连通性更高。【结论】形成鸟类生境识别和网络构建的系统方法,为城市生物多样性保护提供科学依据与参考。发现提升网络途经的中小型绿地的适宜度可使连通性更高,应发展这些绿地成为促进生物多样性的缓冲空间。[Objective]The accelerating pace of urbanization presents an escalating challenge to avian biodiversity,especially in densely populated regions where habitat loss,fragmentation,and environmental degradation have become pervasive.As urban areas expand,the displacement and transformation of natural habitats vital to bird species have led to a marked decline in species diversity and disrupted ecological equilibrium.Thus,the restoration of urban habitats and the maintenance of healthy and stable avian ecosystems are imperative for safeguarding biodiversity in cities.This research aims to devise an optimized strategy for constructing urban avian habitat networks,transforming isolated habitats into an interconnected and cohesive network that fosters ecological resilience.The overarching objective is to furnish urban planners and conservationists with a robust framework to enhance urban avian biodiversity through integrated and scientifically grounded habitat restoration and management initiatives.[Methods]A systematic approach is adopted to optimize urban avian habitat networks,following a structured process from the identification of“single habitats”to the assembly of a“comprehensive network”.This research employs the Maximum Entropy Model(MaxEnt)to forecast and identify suitable avian habitats across the urban landscape of Nanjing,China.MaxEnt,known for its effectiveness in modeling species distribution based on environmental variables and occurrence data,is utilized to generate habitat suitability maps.These maps identify zones with suitability values exceeding 0.9,which are subsequently designated as core habitat areas,or“avian habitat sources”.These sources represent the most ecologically favorable environments for bird species and serve as focal nodes in the network.To enhance spatial analysis,the Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis(MSPA)is applied to delineate ecological patches at the urban periphery.MSPA,a landscape-level analysis tool,can enable the identification of key structural elements suc

关 键 词：生境适宜性评价 MaxEnt模型 生境识别 生境适宜区 鸟类生境网络 

分 类 号：TU984.115[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]