儿童通学空间环境健康安全评估技术研究及实践——以杭州市为例  

Research and Practice of Techniques for Environmental Health and Safety Assessment of Children’s School Trip Space:A Case Study of Hangzhou City

作　　者：张克凡 吴晓华 陈楚文 丁黄昊 ZHANG Kefan;WU Xiaohua;CHEN Chuwen;DING Huanghao(Tongchuang Engineering Desing Co.,Ltd.;Institute of Ecological Civilization,Zhejiang A&F University;School of Landscape Architecture,Zhejiang A&F University;Zhejiang A&F University)

机构地区：[1]同创工程设计有限公司 [2]浙江农林大学风景园林与建筑学院 [3]浙江农林大学生态文明研究院 [4]浙江农林大学

出　　处：《风景园林》2024年第12期113-120,共8页Landscape Architecture

摘　　要：【目的】健康安全的通学空间是儿童积极通学的前提条件,也是儿童自由互动和健康成长的人性化场所。构建以儿童友好为导向的通学空间是儿童友好型城市建设的关键。【方法】对相关理论和实证文献进行归纳与研究,总结儿童认知行为特征和影响儿童积极通学的因素,运用层次分析法,构建通学空间环境健康安全评价体系;结合开源数据挖掘、图像语义分割和GIS可见性分析等技术手段,对杭州市求是小学、胜利小学和钱塘实验小学现有通学空间进行健康安全评价。【结果】评价结果表明,求是小学通学空间综合评分(3.27)>钱塘实验小学通学空间综合评分(3.10)>胜利小学通学空间综合评分(2.41),3所小学通学空间在交通基础设施、空间景观层次、活动空间营造以及社会监视体系方面仍有提升空间。【结论】针对3所小学的现有通学空间提出4项改善策略,包括完善建设通学空间基础设施、创造通学空间多样活动空间、提升通学空间景观层次品质、建立通学空间社会监视体系,为构建儿童友好型城市提供了新的理论依据。[Objective]With the rapid development of urbanization and road motorization,problems such as air pollution,traffic safety and public health are becoming increasingly serious,which have caused inconvenience and even safety risks to children’s school trip,and profoundly affect children’s behaviors of school trip.A healthy and safe school trip space is a prerequisite for children’s active school trip and a humanized place to realize children’s free interaction and healthy growth.However,in China,there are currently problems such as narrow space,broken landscape and traffic accidents with respect to the school trip space for children,and existing evaluation tools have not fully formed a detailed theoretical framework while failing to effectively integrate with design work.Therefore,it is necessary to construct an environmental health and safety assessment system for school trip space.[Methods]Based on the combing of literature regarding children’s cognitive and behavioral characteristics,the influencing factors of active school trip,and the behavioral characteristics of school-age children during their school trip,this research identifies the main needs of children during their school trip,namely walking safety and growth comfort needs,which include walking space safety,social environment safety,growth health comfort,and activity space diversity.Based on this,the research constructs an environmental health and safety assessment system for school trip space.In terms of data collection,the research collects data mainly through mining data on urban street and terrain,field shooting of streetscape pictures,field measurement and scoring,etc.Semantic segmentation of streetscape pictures,GIS visibility analysis,color entropy method,cosine law and other analysis methods are adopted.[Results]In this research,13 evaluation indicators are selected.These indicators include:Accessibility,safety of street crossing facilities,street crossing distance,school trip independence,crowd density,street eye surveillance coverage,

关 键 词：风景园林 儿童友好型城市 通学空间 积极通学 语义分割 GIS可见性分析 杭州市 

分 类 号：TU986[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]