石化企业自备铁路罐车人工清洗风险分析及防治对策  

Risk Analysis and Prevention Countermeasures for Manual Cleaning of Railway Tanker Owned by Petrochemical Enterprises

作　　者：梁国华[1] LIANG Guohua(Guangzhou Institute of Technology,Guangzhou 510075,China)

机构地区：[1]广州工程技术职业学院,广东广州510075

出　　处：《化工管理》2024年第34期124-128,共5页Chemical Management

基　　金：2022年度广州市高等教育教学质量与教学改革工程教学名师项目“教学名师”(2022JXMS020);2021年广东省高职教育示范性产业学院项目“石油化工现代产业学院”。

摘　　要：铁路罐车是装运石油或化工等液体危险化学品的铁路运输工具,存在使用时间长、罐底存留物影响产品质量等问题。依据石油化工产品质量保障要求和铁路部门对铁路罐车检修安全质量的强制要求,罐车换装产品前或检修前必须进行严格规范清洗。通过介绍罐车清洗方法和清洗安全要素,从清洗的铁路罐车残留物料特性和危害、人工清洗安全操作、环境污染、清洗质量等方面进行详细的风险分析,探寻针对铁路罐车清洗风险的防治对策,提出新工艺的应用技术,从而降低铁路罐车清洗风险,达到罐车清洗全过程安全受控目的。Railway tanker is a kind of railway transportation tool for transporting liquid dangerous chemicals,such as petroleum or chemical,according to the quality guarantee requirements of petrochemical products and the railway department’s mandatory requirements on the safety and quality of railway tanker overhaul,the tanker must be cleaned strictly before changing the products or overhaul.By introducing the tank car cleaning methods and cleaning safety factors,the risk analysis is carried out in detail from the following aspects:residual material characteristics and hazards of the cleaned railway tanker,safe operation of manual cleaning,environmental pollution,cleaning quality,etc.,in order to reduce the risk of railway tanker cleaning and achieve the goal of safety control in the whole process of tanker cleaning,this paper probes into the countermeasures for preventing and controlling the risk of railway tanker cleaning and puts forward the application technology of new technology.

关 键 词：铁路罐车 人工清洗 风险分析 防治对策 

分 类 号：U272.4[机械工程—车辆工程]