甘肃省医疗用药品滥用现状与特征  

Current situation and characteristics of medical drug abuse in Gansu Province

作　　者：杜晓月 王雪 刘宇琴 强晓婷 刘蓉 刘双慧 郑山[2] 刘刚 浩文婷 董彩虹 丁丹阳 宣丽红 马银霞 Du Xiaoyue;Wang Xue;Liu Yuqin;Qiang Xiaoting;Liu Rong;Liu Shuanghui;Zheng Shan;Liu Gang;Hao Wenting;Dong Caihong;Ding Danyang;Xuan Lihong;Ma Yinxia(Pharmacovigilance Center of Gansu Province,Lanzhou 730000,China;School of Public Health,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省药物警戒中心,甘肃兰州730000 [2]兰州大学公共卫生学院,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《兰州大学学报（医学版）》2024年第11期52-59,共8页Journal of Lanzhou University（Medical Sciences）

基　　金：甘肃省药品科研项目(2022GSMPA0050)。

摘　　要：目的了解甘肃省医疗用药品滥用现状及特征,发现主要滥用人群和药物,为医疗用药品的科学管理和禁毒工作提供依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法,对甘肃省2016—2022年医疗用药品滥用报告进行回顾性分析。结果1032例医疗用药品滥用报告中,医院及美沙酮门诊监测报告占52.62%。医疗用药品滥用者以男性、已婚、无业及农民、初中及以下文化程度人群为主。医院监测报告的滥用者平均年龄为(56.52±15.30)岁,首次滥用平均年龄为(51.37±15.37)岁,平均滥用时长为(5.15±7.10)年;平均年龄和首次滥用年龄高于美沙酮门诊、看守所、戒毒所监测报告人群,滥用时长低于其他3个监测机构报告人群。医院监测报告人群中,过去12个月曾滥用药物主要为镇静催眠类精神药品;美沙酮门诊、看守所、戒毒所监测报告人群过去12个月滥用药物以阿片类药物、复方地芬诺酯为主。医院监测报告主要滥用药物主要来源于医院,美沙酮门诊、看守所、戒毒所监测报告主要滥用药物部分来源于医院和药店。结论甘肃省医疗用药品滥用以中老年人群为主,医疗机构是医疗用药品滥用者获取滥用药物的重要来源之一。建议加强对中老年人的医疗用药品滥用预防教育,提高医疗机构对医疗用药品的管理水平,以降低其滥用风险。Objective To understand the current status and characteristics of medical drug abuse in Gansu Province,discover the main drug abusers and groups,and provide a data basis for the scientific management of anesthetic drugs and anti-drug work.Methods Based on the Drug Abuse Monitoring Survey Form,a descriptive epidemiological method was used to retrospectively analyze the 1032 cases of opioid drug abuse reported in Gansu Province from 2016 to 2022.Results Among the 1032 reported cases of narcotic drug abuse,52.62%were reported through hospital and methadone outpatient monitoring.The majority of abusers of anesthetic drugs were male,married,unemployed and farmers,with a junior high school education and below.Among them,the average age of abusers reported in hospital monitoring was 56.52±15.30 years old,average age of first abusers 51.37±15.37 years old,and average duration of abuse 5.15±7.10 years.The average age and age of first abuse were higher than those monitored by methadone clinics,detention centers,and detoxification centers,and the duration of abuse was lower than those reported by the other three mon-itoring institutions.Drugs abused in medical institutions in the past 12 months were mainly sedative-hypnotic psychotropic drugs.Methadone outpatient clinics,detention centers,and detoxification centers mainly use opioids and compound diphenoxylate.The main sources of abused drugs in hospital monitoring were hospitals,and main sources of abused drugs in methadone clinics,detention centers,and detoxification centers were hospitals and pharmacies.Conclusions The people who abuse narcotic drugs in Gansu Province were mainly middle-aged and elderly ones,and medical institutions were one of the sources for narcotic drug abusers.It is recommended to strengthen anesthetic drug abuse prevention education for middle-aged and elderly people and improve the management level of anesthetic drugs in medical institutions to reduce the risk of anesthetic drug abuse.

关 键 词：药物滥用监测 麻醉药品 精神药品 医疗用药品 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学]