铜尾矿周边大气降尘重金属分布特征及对植物重金属富集的影响  

Distribution Characteristics of Heavy Metals in Atmospheric Dust Collected from Copper Tailings and Their Effects on Heavy Metal Enrichment in Plants

作　　者：潘斌 孟晨 宋乃平[2,3,4] 岳健敏 王兴 PAN Bin;MENG Chen;SONG Naiping;YUE Jianmin;WANG Xing(College of Forestry and Grassland,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;State Key Laboratory of Land Degeneration and Ecosystem Restoration in Northwest China,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;Key Laboratory of Restoration and Reconstruction of the Ministry of Education,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;School of Ecology and Environment,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学林业与草业学院,宁夏银川750021 [2]宁夏大学,西北土地退化与生态系统恢复国家重点实验室培养基地,宁夏银川750021 [3]宁夏大学,西北退化生态系统恢复与重建教育部重点实验室,宁夏银川750021 [4]宁夏大学生态环境学院,宁夏银川750021

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2024年第12期2641-2652,共12页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(N0.42407086);宁夏回族自治区教育厅高等学校科学研究项目(No.NYG2024005);宁夏重点研发计划项目(No.2022BEG02003)。

摘　　要：露天尾矿重金属污染物经扬尘和雨水淋溶扩散至周边,并引起植物重金属富集风险,对生态环境及人体健康产生威胁。本文选取2020年8月宁夏腰岘子铜尾矿库降尘缸收集的大气降尘样本,并采集周边植物样本,对大气降尘及植物中重金属(Pb、Cr、Cu、Ni、As、Ag、Cd、Hg)进行测定。结合IDW插值法、方差分析、逐步回归分析等方法,分析大气降尘重金属空间分布特征及其影响因素,明晰尾矿周边典型灌木植物的重金属富集特征,阐明大气降尘重金属对植物重金属富集特征的影响。结果表明:①铜尾矿周边大气降尘重金属分布呈现空间分布不均匀的特征,多集中在尾库中心的西南和东南方向,且重金属含量均高于宁夏土壤背景值15.82%~83.68%。②铜尾矿大气降尘重金属分布受地形、植被、距离和气象因素影响,风速和距离为主要影响因素。风速和坡位均与降尘重金属含量呈正相关,而植被覆盖度、相对湿度、距离均与降尘重金属含量呈负相关。高风速、高坡度和无植被覆盖均会增加重金属含量,植被和地形坡位影响降尘粒径。③不同植物对重金属的富集能力不同,其中刺旋花、荒漠锦鸡儿、红砂和猪毛菜对Cr和Ni富集明显,且富集系数均大于7.20。④大气降尘中Cd、As、Pb、Hg、Ag、Cr的平均含量与植物荒漠锦鸡儿、刺旋花、红砂、猪毛菜重金属富集系数均呈显著正相关,相关系数在0.899~0.919之间。研究显示,铜尾矿周边大气降尘重金属分布明显受地形、植被、距离和气象等因素影响,其空间分布呈不均匀特征,且大气降尘中重金属是研究区植物重金属积累的重要来源。Heavy metal pollutants in open-pit tailings can spread to surrounding areas through dust and rainwater runoff,posing a risk of heavy metal accumulation in plants and threatening environment and human health.This study used atmospheric dustfall data collected from the dust collection tank of the tailing storage facility at the Yaoxianzi copper mine in August 2020,along with samples of surrounding plants,to measure heavy metals(Pb,Cr,Cu,Ni,As,Ag,Cd,Hg)in both atmospheric dust and the plants.By employing Spatial Interpolation method,Analysis of Variance,and regression analysis,the spatial distribution characteristics and factors influencing heavy metals in atmospheric dust were analyzed.The heavy metal enrichment characteristics of typical shrubs around tailings were clarified,and the influence of the enrichment characteristics of heavy metals in plants was clarified.The results showed that:(1)The distribution of heavy metals in atmospheric dust around copper tailings was uneven,with higher concentrations primarily in the southwest and southeast regions of the tailings reservoir.The heavy metal conntent is 15.82% to 83.68% exceeding than the soil background values in Ningxia.(2)The distribution of heavy metals was influenced by terrain,vegetation,distance,and meteorological factors,with wind speed and distance as the dominant factors.Higher wind speed and elevated slope positions correlated positively with the heavy metal content in dust,while vegetation coverage,relative humidity,and distance correlated negatively.High wind speed,steep slopes,and lack of vegetation increased heavy metal concentrations,while vegetation and slope affected dust size.(3)Different plant species exhibited varying abilities to accumulate heavy metals,with thorn spinning flower,desert brocade pheasant,red sand,and pig wool cabbage significantly enriching Cr and Ni,with bioconcentration factors all greater than 7.20.(4)Heavy metals such as Cd,As,Pb,Hg,Ag,Cr were found in the atmospheric dust and significantly associated with certain plants,

关 键 词：露天矿山 大气降尘 重金属 相关分析 逐步回归 植物富集 

分 类 号：X51[环境科学与工程—环境工程]