我国工业场地土壤污染防治十大科技问题与对策  

Ten Scientific&Technological Challenges and Strategies for Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation of Contaminated Industrial Sites in China

作　　者：晏井春[1] 宋静[1,2] 孙钰沅 唐伟 刘睿 严梓辰 刘雨鑫 尧一骏 骆永明 YAN Jingchun;SONG Jing;SUN Yuyuan;TANG Wei;LIU Rui;YAN Zichen;LIU Yuxin;YAO Yijun;LUO Yongming(Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 211135,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 211135,China;School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Changzhou University,Changzhou 213164,China;School of Ecology and Environment,Anhui Normal University,Wuhu 241003,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京土壤研究所,江苏南京211135 [2]中国科学院大学南京学院,江苏南京211135 [3]常州大学环境科学与工程学院,江苏常州213164 [4]安徽师范大学生态与环境学院,安徽芜湖241003

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2024年第12期2733-2744,共12页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(No.2021YFC1809201);国家自然科学基金项目(No.42077181);中国科学院南京土壤研究所“十四五”自主部署项目(No.ISSASIP2213)。

摘　　要：自“十五”起步以来,历经近20年的发展,我国工业场地土壤污染防治管理和技术体系已基本建立。当前,我国经济社会发展已进入加快绿色化、低碳化的高质量发展阶段,场地土壤污染防治科技面临前所未有的挑战和发展机遇。该文在梳理我国工业场地土壤污染防治科技发展历程、分析新阶段土壤污染防治科技发展需求的基础上,从土壤环境基准理论与方法、污染成因机理、监测监管技术、管控修复技术及决策支撑体系等多个层面,提出了土壤环境基准研究对土壤污染风险管控标准制定支撑不强、部分污染物污染机制不明确、土壤采样方法与检测监测技术体系不完善、绿色低碳管控与修复技术储备不足以及决策支撑体系不健全等五大类工业场地土壤污染防治十大科技问题。在结合我国国情和国内外发展趋势的基础上,建议强化土壤环境基准研究,深化污染成因机理探索,完善土壤污染物检测监测体系,发展绿色低碳修复材料、技术、装备与管理体系,健全基于信息化和智慧化的场地污染风险管理决策支持系统,以期为科技创新引领工业场地土壤污染防治学科、技术和行业协同发展提供参考。Since the launch of the‘10th Five-Year Plan’,China has spent nearly 20 years developing a comprehensive system for managing and cleaning up contaminated industrial sites.As the country enters a phase of high-quality development,with a focus on green and low-carbon initiatives,the prevention and control of soil contamination at these sites faces both challenges and new opportunities.This paper reviews progress in technologies for the prevention and remediation of contaminated industrial sites in China,evaluates current needs,and identifies ten major scientific and technical challenges across five key areas:soil environmental standards,pollution mechanisms,monitoring and regulatory technologies,remediation techniques,and decision-support systems.It highlights specific gaps,including limited scientific support for soil standards,unclear pollution mechanisms for certain contaminants,incomplete sampling and monitoring systems,insufficient green remediation technologies,and a lack of comprehensive decision-making tools.Based on China′s national conditions and global trends,the paper proposes several strategies:strengthening research on soil standards,deepening the study of pollution mechanisms,improving monitoring systems,advancing green remediation technologies,and building an information and intelligence-based decision-support system.These efforts aim to drive scientific and technological innovation,promoting coordinated development across disciplines,technologies as well as the soil remediation industry.

关 键 词：工业场地 土壤污染 风险管控 修复 环境管理 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]