神东矿区不同恢复模式下植物多样性特征  

Characteristics of Plant Diversity in the Shendong Mining Area Under Different Restoration Modes

作　　者：周甲男 郑颖娟 马苏[1] 刘洋[1] 刘军会[1] ZHOU Jianan;ZHENG Yingjuan;MA Su;LIU Yang;LIU Junhui(Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China)

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院,北京100012

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2024年第12期2771-2781,共11页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.4231101643);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(No.2022YSKY-19)。

摘　　要：植被恢复对矿区生态建设和生物多样性保护意义重大,但我国北方半干旱矿区生态环境脆弱,植被恢复面临诸多挑战。本文以神东矿区为研究对象,基于2021年的野外样方调查,利用层次分析法构建了一套适用于半干旱矿区的植物多样性综合评价方法,评估了矿区12种植被恢复模式的植物多样性特征,并运用单因素方差分析法和成对样本t检验法对比分析了栽植物种和乔木栽植密度差异对植物多样性的影响,旨在揭示该区域的生物多样性现状,筛选适合的植被恢复物种与技术模式。结果表明:①神东矿区调查共记录维管束植物32科96属134种,其中禾本科(28种)、菊科(23种)和豆科(15种)植物较多,生活型上以草本植物(79.85%)为主,灌木(13.43%)和乔木(6.72%)占比较小。②从物种选择看,油松(Pinus tabuliformis)、沙棘(Hippophae rhamnoides)、中国沙棘(Hippophae rhamnoides subsp.sinensis)植物多样性指数较高,适于作为矿区植被恢复物种,小叶杨(Populus simonii)植物多样性指数低,不适于作为矿区植被恢复物种。③从种植密度看,矿区低密度(60~70株/亩)种植乔木比高密度(110~140株/亩)种植乔木更有利于群落的生物多样性和植被恢复。④从群落配置看,多样性评价等级为“高”和“较高”的植被恢复模式可被推广应用。沙棘+樟子松(Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica)模式多样性评价等级为“较高”,在水分利用、水土保持及土壤有机质含量恢复方面都具有一定潜力,可作为优先推广的植被恢复模式,沙棘+小叶杨模式多样性评价等级为“低”,不适宜在矿区推广。研究显示,在半干旱矿区进行植被恢复时,适宜的物种选择、合理的种植密度以及科学的群落配置有助于提升生态系统多样性、稳定性、持续性,更好地发挥生态和经济效益。这些发现为神东矿区生态恢复提供了科学依据,并为我国北方半干旱煤炭矿区开展植�Vegetation restoration plays a vital role in ecological rehabilitation and biodiversity conservation in mining areas.However,the ecological environment in semi-arid mining areas of northern China is fragile,which present numerous challenges to effective vegetation restoration efforts.This study takes the Shendong mining area as the research object.Based on field quadrat surveys carried out in 2021,we established a plant diversity evaluation method for semi-arid mining areas using the analytic hierarchy process,and assessed the plant diversity characteristics under 12 vegetation restoration modes in the mining area.We also compared the effects of different species and tree planting densities on plant diversity using one-way ANOVA and paired samples t-test method.The aim is to reveal the current status of biodiversity and to identify suitable species and technical models for vegetation restoration.The results indicate that:(1)A total of 134 vascular plant species belonging to 32 families and 96 genera were recorded in the Shendong mining area survey,with the highest numbers found in the Poaceae(28 species),Asteraceae(23 species)and Fabaceae(15 species).Herbaceous plants dominated(79.85%),while shrubs(13.43%)and trees(6.72%)were less common.(2)Regarding species selection,Pinus tabuliformis,Hippophae rhamnoides and Hippophae rhamnoides subsp.sinensis showed high plant diversity indices and are suitable for vegetation restoration in Shendong mining area,while Populus simonii had a low plant diversity index and is not suitable for vegetation restoration in Shendong mining area.(3)Regarding planting density,low-density(60-70 trees per Chinese mu,with 1 Chinese mu being approximately equal to 1/15 hm2)planting of trees was more beneficial for the community biodiversity and vegetation restoration compared to high-density(110-140 trees per Chinese mu)planting.(4)In terms of community configuration,vegetation restoration modes with‘high’and‘relatively high’diversity index can be promoted and applied.The Hippophae rh

关 键 词：植被恢复模式 植物多样性 综合评价 神东矿区 

分 类 号：X717[环境科学与工程—环境工程]