执行功能评价方法在国外体育活动干预中的应用研究现状与启发  

Research Status and Inspirations of the Application of Functional Evaluation Methods in Foreign Sports Activity Intervention

作　　者：谭勇 孟令越 张秋霞[1] TAN Yong;MENG Lingyue;ZHANG Qiuxia(Physical Education and Sports School of Soochow University,Suzhou,Jiangsu Province,215000 China)

机构地区：[1]苏州大学体育学院,江苏苏州215000

出　　处：《当代体育科技》2024年第33期186-189,共4页Contemporary Sports Technology

基　　金：江苏高校哲学社会科学研究重大项目(2023SJZD143);江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划项目(KYCX23_3205)。

摘　　要：执行功能涉及一系列高级认知过程,包括抑制控制、认知灵活性和工作记忆,对个体的日常生活和工作具有至关重要的作用。不同群体,如老年人、长期久坐的妇女、孤独症儿童、超重人群及残疾运动员,均可能面临执行功能受损的风险。儿童的执行功能发展对其学习效率和学业成绩具有显著影响,而老年人执行功能的下降则可能导致步态稳定性减弱,进而增加跌倒的风险。因此,开发系统、科学且全面的评价方法对于准确检测执行功能并有效评估康复干预效果至关重要。该研究系统总结了国外关于体育活动干预对执行功能影响的相关文献,并对这些研究中采用的执行功能评价方法进行了细致的整理和分析,进而从执行功能的3个关键维度(抑制、转移和更新)以及整体评价方法层面进行了详细阐述,旨在为相关领域的研究者和实践者提供参考和启发。Executive Function(EF)encompasses advanced cognitive processes,including inhibitory control,cognitive flexibility,and working memory,which are crucial for an individual's daily life and work.Different groups,including the elderly,sedentary women,autistic children,overweight individuals,and disabled athletes,may face impairments in EF.The development of EF in children significantly impacts learning efficiency and academic performance,while declines in EF among the elderly can lead to reduced gait stability and increased fall risks.Therefore,developing systematic,scientific,and comprehensive evaluation methods is essential for detecting EF and evaluating the effectiveness of rehabilitation interventions.This research systematically reviewed foreign literature on the impact of physical activity interventions on EF,and carefully organizes and analyzes the EF evaluation methods employed in these research.Furthermore,it elaborates on the three key dimensions of EF(inhibition,shifting,and updating),as well as overall evaluation paths,aiming to provide references and inspirations for researchers and practitioners in related fields.

关 键 词：执行功能 评价方法 子功能 体育活动 认知康复 

分 类 号：G80-05[文化科学—运动人体科学]