大学生精神病性体验及其心理社会学影响因素  

Psychotic⁃like experiences among college students and psychosocial influ⁃encing factors

作　　者：张浩鹏 张文卓 刘勤智 曾堂亮 杨琴 高超群 李洪杰 ZHANG Haopeng;ZHANG Wenzhuo;LIU Qinzhi;ZENG Tangliang;YANG Qin;GAO Chao-qun;LI Hongjie(School of Public Health,Qiqihar Medial University,Qiqihar 161006,Heilongjiang,China;School of Stomatology,Qiqihar Medical University,Qiqihar 161006,Heilongjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]齐齐哈尔医学院公共卫生学院,黑龙江齐齐哈尔161006 [2]齐齐哈尔医学院口腔医学院,黑龙江齐齐哈尔161006

出　　处：《中国校医》2024年第9期645-648,共4页Chinese Journal of School Doctor

基　　金：齐齐哈尔医学院大学生创新创业训练省级一般项目(S202311230043);齐齐哈尔医学院社会科学基金项目(QYSKL2023-06YB)。

摘　　要：目的了解大学生精神病性体验的现状并探究其心理社会学影响因素,为预防大学生精神病性体验提供参考。方法采用焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表和心理体验社区评估量表对1336名在校大学生进行网络随机问卷调查。分析大学生心理及基本特征对精神病性体验的影响。结果在本研究中,男生、女生精神病性体验检出率分别为55.0%、52.2%;大一至大五学生的精神病性体验检出率分别为50.0%、51.8%、54.0%、59.0%、51.3%。男生、父母离异、焦虑和抑郁是精神病性体验和妄想体验的危险因素(P<0.01),这些影响因素对精神病性体验产生的贡献率为50.0%,对妄想体验产生的贡献率为46.3%;男生、父母争吵、焦虑和抑郁对幻觉体验产生的贡献率为41.7%。此外,结果还表明:男生比女生更容易患妄想体验、幻觉体验和精神病性体验(B=0.389、0.202、0.606,P<0.01)。结论本研究中约一半人至少经历过精神病性体验。影响因素主要包括男生、父母争吵、父母离异、焦虑和抑郁情绪。因此,预防大学生精神病性体验时应特别注意原生家庭的影响,并及早发现和干预焦虑抑郁情绪带来的负面影响,特别是要关注男生心理方面的变化并进行适当的引导。Objective This study was aimed at gaining insight into the current status of psychotic⁃like experiences among college students and investigating the effects of psychological and sociodemographic characteristics of these experienc⁃es.Methods A randomized online questionnaire survey was conducted among 1336 college students with the Self⁃Rating Anxiety Scale,Self⁃Rating Depression Scale,and Community Assessment of Psychological Experience Scale(CAPE⁃P8).The effects of college students’psychological and general characteristics on psychotic⁃like experience were assessed.Re⁃sults The detection rates of psychotic⁃like experiences were 55.0%for boys and 52.2%for girls;and 50.0%,51.8%,54.0%,59.0%,and 51.3%for first⁃year to fifth⁃year students,respectively.Male sex,parental divorce,and anxiety and depression were risk factors for psychotic⁃like experiences and delusional experiences(P<0.01).These influencing factors contributed to 50.0%of psychotic⁃like experiences and 46.3%of delusional experiences.Male sex,parental conflict,and anxiety and depres⁃sion contributed to 41.7%of hallucination experiences.In addition,boys were more likely to have delusional experiences,hal⁃lucinations and psychotic⁃like experiences than girls(B=0.389,0.202,0.606,P<0.01).Conclusions Approximately half the participants reported having at least one psychotic⁃like experience.Factors such as male sex,parental conflict or divorce,and anxiety and depression were identified as the main influences.Therefore,interventions aimed at preventing psychotic⁃like ex⁃periences among college students should focus on family dynamics,early detection and management of anxiety and depression,and providing appropriate support for male students experi⁃encing psychological changes.

关 键 词：精神病性体验 焦虑 抑郁 大学生 影响因素 

分 类 号：R395[哲学宗教—心理学]