2020-2022年上海市浦锦社区中小学生身体形态发育变化的队列研究  

A cohort analysis of changes in physical morphologic development of primary and secondary school students in Pujin community,Shanghai,2020-2022

作　　者：郭齐添 诸诚业 GUO Qitian;ZHU Chengye(Department of Preventive Health,Pujin Community Health Center,Minhang District,Shanghai 201112,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市闵行区浦锦社区卫生服务中心预防保健科,上海201112

出　　处：《中国校医》2024年第9期655-657,675,共4页Chinese Journal of School Doctor

摘　　要：目的了解浦锦社区中小学生身体形态发育变化趋势,为制订儿童青少年公共卫生政策和计划提供依据。方法分层整群选取2020年浦锦社区7所中小学校6~12岁体格检查的学生,并且2022年也参加体格检查的学生作为研究对象,获得2年身高、体质量、腰围、臀围数据,分析身体形态指标变化情况。结果2020—2022年共调查3957名学生,2020年浦锦社区6~12岁中小学生男生中心性肥胖率为41.98%(845/2013),女生为25.05%(487/1944),男女中心性肥胖率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=126.87,P<0.001);2020年10~11岁男生2年后身高出现增长高峰,2020年7~9岁女生2年后身高出现增长高峰;2020年男生2年体重指数(BMI)平均增长(1.53±1.62)kg/m^(2),2020年10岁女生2年BMI增长有高峰趋势;2020年男女生2年后中心性肥胖率下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论2020—2022年浦锦社区中小学校学生身体形态发育变化符合青少年生长发育规律,女生身高生长高峰较男生早,男女生中心性肥胖率高,男生多于女生,建议加强关注中小学生营养健康,积极参加身体活动。Objective This study investigated trends in physical and morphological development among primary and secondary school students in Pujin community,to provide a basis for the formulation of public health policies and pro⁃grams for children and adolescents.Methods A stratified group of students 6-12 years old were studied during physical ex⁃aminations at seven primary and secondary schools in Pujin community in 2020 and 2022.Data on height,body mass,waist circumference,and hip circumference in the 2 years were collected,and changes in body morphology indexes were analyzed.Results A total of 3957 students were surveyed in 2020-2022.The central obesity rate among primary and secondary school students 6-12 years old in the Pujin community in 2020 was 41.98%(845/2013)among boys and 25.05%(487/1944)among girls,and showed a statistically significant difference between sexes(χ2=126.87,P<0.001).Height growth peaked after 2 years for boys 10-11 years of age in 2020,and after 2 years for girls 7-9 years of age in 2020.The average 2-year BMI growth was 1.53±1.62 kg/m^(2) for boys in 2020,and a trend toward peak 2-year BMI growth for girls 10 years of age was observed in 2020.A 2-year decline in central obesity rates was observed for both sexes in 2020.The difference was sta⁃tistically significant(P<0.001).Conclusions Changes in the development of body shape among students at primary and secondary schools in Pujin community in 2020-2022 were consistent with the law of adolescent growth and development.Height growth peaked earlier in girls than boys.High rates of central obesity were observed in both sexes but affected more boys than girls.Greater attention should be paid to nutritional health and active participation in physical activities among pri⁃mary and secondary school students.

关 键 词：身高 体质量 体重指数 中心性肥胖 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]