山东省某高校2018-2022年肺结核病发病情况及密切接触者筛查结果分析  

Incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis and screening results among patients’close contacts at a university in Shandong Province from 2018 to 2022

作　　者：李芬 许英顺[1] 曹申梅 张琳[1] LI Fen;XU Yingshun;CAO Shenmei;ZHANG Lin(The Hospital of Shandong University of Science and Technology,Qingdao 266590,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]山东科技大学校医院,山东青岛266590

出　　处：《中国校医》2024年第9期680-684,共5页Chinese Journal of School Doctor

基　　金：山东省人文社会科学课题(2021-ZXXA-02)。

摘　　要：目的分析山东省某高校2018—2022年肺结核病发病及密切接触者筛查情况,为高校结核病防控工作的开展提供理论依据。方法回顾性收集山东省某高校2018—2022年肺结核发病信息及密切接触者筛查资料,分析该高校肺结核流行特征及密切接触者筛查情况。结果共确诊肺结核病例67例,平均发病率为41.71/10万;其中,病原学阴性患者54例(80.60%);病原学阳性患者13例(19.40%)。发病年龄以20~24岁为主,共46例(68.66%);男女发病比例为3.19∶1;发病季节以春季(3—5月)所占比例最高(37.31%)。共确定密接者2062人,其中5例密切接触者发病(242.48/10万)。密切接触者结核菌素试验(PPD)检出阳性169例(8.52%),强阳性49例(2.47%);且病原学阳性患者密切接触者PPD筛查强阳性率明显高于病原学阴性者(χ^(2)=4.506,P<0.05)。胸部X线检查发现肺部异常阴影者8例,陈旧性肺结核3例,其中3例确诊为肺结核;对密切接触者随访观察至0.5年,肺结核发病2例。不同PPD试验结果肺结核检出率不同(χ^(2)=17.515,P<0.05),且随PPD反应直径增加,肺结核患者检出率增加(χ^(2)趋势=34.269,P<0.05)。结论山东某高校肺结核防控形势依然严峻,学校应加强肺结核疫情监测,出现结核病疫情时应及时按照规范开展密切接触者筛查工作,及早发现感染者及患者,阻止肺结核疫情在校内播散。Objective This study analyzed the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis and the screening results of close contacts in a university in Shandong Province from 2018 to 2022,to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of tuberculosis in universities.Methods Pulmonary tuberculosis incidence information and screening data for close contacts at a university in Shandong Province from 2018 to 2022 were retrospectively collected,The epidemiological charac⁃teristics of pulmonary tuberculosis and the screening of close contacts at the university were analyzed.Results A total of 67 confirmed cases of pulmonary tuberculosis were identified,with an average incidence rate of 41.71/100000;54 cases were pathogen⁃negative(80.60%),whereas 13 cases were pathogen⁃positive(19.40%).The age of onset was primarily 20-24 years.A total of 46 cases were identified(68.66%).The proportion of males and females was 3.19∶1.The primary onset season was the spring(March to May;37.31%).A total of 2062 close contacts were identified,after screening of close contacts,five cas⁃es of tuberculosis(242.48/100000)were identified.Among close contacts,169 were PPD positive(8.52%);49 were strongly positive(2.47%);and the rate of pathogen positive patients’close contacts with strongly positive PPD was significantly high⁃er than that among pathogen negative close contacts(χ2=4.506,P<0.05).Close contacts’chest X⁃ray examinations indicated eight cases of abnormal shadow in the lungs and three cases of old pulmonary tuberculosis,among which three cases had a confirmed tuberculosis diagnosis.Close contacts were followed up for 0.5 years,and two cases of illness occurred.For a dif⁃ferent classification of close contacts,tuberculosis detection analysis indicated that different PPD results of tuberculosis detection rates were different(χ2=17.515,P<0.05).With in⁃creasing PPD reaction diameter,the detection rate of pa⁃tients with tuberculosis increased(χ2 trend=34.269,P<0.05).Conclusions The status of pulmonary tuberculosis pr

关 键 词：大学生 肺结核 结核菌素试验 接触追踪 

分 类 号：R183[医药卫生—流行病学]