规制治理:我国高等教育外部质量保障制度的反思与进路  

Regulatory Governance:Reflection and Approach on the External Quality Assurance System of Higher Education in China

作　　者：张蕊 刘振天 ZHANG Rui;LIU Zhentian(Xiamen University,Xiamen 361005)

机构地区：[1]厦门大学教育研究院,福建厦门361005 [2]厦门大学高等教育研究中心,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《中国高教研究》2024年第12期12-19,共8页China Higher Education Research

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“高等教育评价与质量保障体系研究”(22JJD880034)的研究成果。

摘　　要：高等教育的准公共产品特性决定了引入政府规制理论来分析我国高等教育外部质量保障制度的适切性和迫切性。政府规制于高等教育质量而言具有丰富的内涵,表现为加快建设高质量教育体系的国家意志、体现中国智慧和中国方案的国家话语、彰显中国特色社会主义制度优势的国家秩序和培养多类型高素质人才的国家需要。一个不可回避的问题是,政府规制同样面临“规制失灵”的可能。其表征为:政治视阈下政策目标和政策监控的层层加码、政策工具和政策反馈的层层衰减、政府规制的权威性和合法性存疑;经济视阈下不完全信息所决定的有限理性、具有理性和私利的“经济人”的出现;文化视阈下重政治而轻效益、重人情而轻法制。遵循“外部变革-内部完善”逻辑,“规制治理”倡导的放松规制、激励规制、合作规制和法律规制,为优化我国高等教育外部质量保障制度提供了新的思路和出路。The quasi public product characteristics of higher education determine the appropriateness and urgency of introducing government regulation theory to analyze the external quality assurance system of higher education in China.Government regulation has rich connotations in terms of the quality of higher education,manifested in the national will to accelerate the construction of a high-quality education system,the national discourse reflecting Chinese wisdom and solutions,the national order highlighting the advantages of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics,and the national need to cultivate high-quality talents of various types.An unavoidable issue is that government regulation also faces the possibility of"regulatory failure".Characterized by:the layered reinforcement of policy objectives and monitoring from a political perspective,the layered attenuation of policy tools and feedback,and doubts about the authority and legitimacy of government regulation;The emergence of"economic agents"with bounded rationality,rationality,and self-interest determined by incomplete information from an economic perspective;From a cultural perspective,the emphasis is on politics over efficiency,and on human relationships over the rule of law.Following the logic of"external change-internal improvement",the"regulatory governance"advocates relaxing regulations,incentivizing regulations,cooperating regulations,and legal regulations,providing new ideas and ways to optimize the external quality assurance system of higher education in China.

关 键 词：质量保障 规制 规制治理 合作规制 激励规制 

分 类 号：G649.2[文化科学—高等教育学]