以“政治”为规范:非常态政治任意性难题破解  

Taking the Political as Norm:A Study on the Problem of Arbitrariness of Extraordinary Politics

作　　者：耿直 Geng Zhi

机构地区：[1]北京大学政府管理学院

出　　处：《政治思想史》2024年第4期121-135,199,共16页Journal of the History of Political Thought

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“西方政治哲学中尊重理念与政治道德基础问题研究”(19BZX125)的阶段成果。

摘　　要：施米特提出的关于“非常态政治”的论述,及其带来的政治开端任意性后果,对规范政治理论的基础构成了巨大的挑战。以施米特为代表的唯意志论者无法从根本上解决政治开端任意性问题,这是因为施米特错误地预设了“政治规范”与政治的“常态”和“非常态”之间的关系。新方案提出,即使是“非常态政治”,亦存在着由“政治”这种活动本身所定义的“引导性规范”。这种规范能够引导非常态政治在适当条件下向常态政治转变,并为常态政治中“常规性规范”的订立提供基础。由此,常态政治并不需要依赖于非常态政治的存在,而是建立在政治这种人类活动的基础之上。Discussions of“extraordinary politics”and the following consequences of“the arbitrariness of political beginning”,proposed by Carl Schmitt,pose a great challenge to the foundation of normative political theories.The solution of voluntarism fails to solve the above-mentioned problem of“the arbitrariness of political beginning”,and the reason is that they adopt the presupposition of the relationship between“political norms”,“ordinary politics”and“extraordinary politics”raised by Schmitt.However,even in“extraordinary politics”,political norm still exists,which can be called directive norm defined by the nature of“the political”itself.This kind of norm can guide“extraordinary politics”to“ordinary politics”under appropriate conditions,and provide the basis for the establishment of“substantive norms”in everyday politics.By this way,ordinary politics does not need to rely on the existence of extraordinary politics.Instead,it relies on the existence of“the political”.

关 键 词：非常态政治 政治开端任意性 政治的概念 引导性规范 

分 类 号：D0[政治法律—政治学]