北极国际合作中的“非正义”问题:表现、成因及因应之策  

Injustice in Arctic Cooperation: Manifestations,Causes,and Responses

作　　者：任春雷[1] 侯雨游 Ren Chunlei;Hou Yuyou

机构地区：[1]辽宁师范大学法政学院,大连116000

出　　处：《国际观察》2024年第5期98-129,共32页International Review

基　　金：辽宁省属本科高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助。

摘　　要：国际伦理是国际合作研究关注的重要领域。人们对合作活动的理想化关注,使参与合作的行为体以为正义是常态,而非正义则是反常状态。但近年来,随着北极对全球政治、经济和环境的重要性日益凸显,北极国际合作(以下简称“北极合作”)揭示出正义理论难以涵盖的北极合作中的“非正义”问题。本文从追溯国际关系理论中的合作正义理论出发,基于“非正义”的视角,尝试通过北极合作中的非正义问题研究推动国际合作和全球治理对非正义的重新审视。正义和非正义之间的关系是相互补充的。因此,北极合作中的非正义问题是合作正义在北极的缺失和错误,是合作正义原则被忽略、违反或未能实现造成的。本文分析了北极合作中的“非正义”涉及的四个方面:环境治理的实践非正义从内外两个维度成为北极合作中的“非正义”问题的起点;合作机制“非正义”直接影响北极合作的公正性和有效性;北极合作的国家利益分布呈现不均衡;人类权益也存在显著的“非正义”。经济因素、合作体系中的权力悬殊和排他性动机、正义原则的缺失、社会文化因素四者共同导致了北极合作中的“非正义”。在北极合作的未来发展中,通过构建北极合作的开放理念,培育北极合作的共识文化,塑造北极合作的长效共生机制,能够推动国际社会重新思考和评估全球合作、全球治理的伦理基础,逐步实现全球治理中的正义。The idealized focus on cooperative activities helps participating actors to assume that justice is the norm, while injustice is merely an anomaly. In recent years, as the Arctic's significance in global politics, economics, and environmental matters has grown, Arctic cooperation has exposed issues of injustice that justice theories struggle to address adequately. This paper begins by tracing the theory of justice in cooperation within the field of international relations through the lens of “injustice”, then seeking to promote a re-examination of injustice in international cooperation and global governance by analyzing the issues of injustice in Arctic cooperation. The relationship between justice and injustice is complementary. Therefore, the issue of injustice in Arctic cooperation reflects the absence or misapplication of cooperative justice in the Arctic. It arises from the neglect, violation, or failure to uphold the principles of cooperative justice. This paper analyzes four aspects of injustice in Arctic cooperation: first, the practical injustice of environmental governance, from both internal and external dimensions, serves as the starting point for issues of injustice in Arctic cooperation;second, injustice within cooperative mechanisms directly impacts the fairness and effectiveness of Arctic cooperation;third, the distribution of national interests in Arctic cooperation is uneven which also demonstrates the state of injustice;fourth, significant injustices also exist in the realm of human rights and interests. The economic factors, power asymmetries within the cooperative framework, exclusionary motives, a lack of justice principles as well as socio-cultural factors collectively contribute to the injustice in Arctic cooperation. Envisaging the future development of Arctic cooperation, it is possible to foster an open concept of cooperation, cultivate a culture of consensus, and shape a long-term symbiotic mechanism for cooperation. This approach can encourage the international community to rethink

关 键 词：北极治理 非正义 国际合作 全球正义 

分 类 号：D81[政治法律—国际关系]