当代美国消费主义的历史审思  

Historical Reflection on American Consumerism

作　　者：钟瑞华[1] ZHONG Rui-hua

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院国际法研究所,北京100720

出　　处：《求是学刊》2024年第6期164-175,共12页Seeking Truth

摘　　要：美国是当今世界第一大消费社会,消费主义主导着当代美国社会。美国人民很早就过上了消费主义生活,但这也造成了很多严重后果,由此引发了对消费主义的批判和挑战。尽管如此,消费主义依然发展成了世界各国人民所认可的主流生活方式,这是因为其具有繁荣经济、尊重人的个性,致力于满足人对幸福生活的自由选择和追求等合理性。历史上,消费主义随现代化进程产生并随之不断扩张,近现代启蒙思想对消费主义的理论论证,很多至今仍有极强的说服力,有些已成为大众心理常识的一部分。鉴于消费主义的两面性,可行的选择或许是:与消费主义共存,对其消极面保持警惕与反思,并为探索不同生活方式预留充分空间,最终实现对消费主义的超越。The United States is currently the largest consumer society on the world,with consumerism dominating the whole society.The people of the United States have lived a comfortable and affluent consumerist life since a long time ago,but this has led to many serious consequences,which have led to criticisms and challenges to consumerism.Nonetheless,consumerism has developed into a mainstream lifestyle recognized by people all over the world because of its legitimacy in terms of economic prosperity,respect for human individuality,and commitment to fulfilling people’s free choice and pursuit of a happy life.Historically,consumerism arose with the process of modernization and has continued to expand along with it.Many of the theoretical arguments for consumerism in modern and contemporary Enlightenment thought are still highly persuasive today,and some have become part of the common sense of the popular psyche.Given the two-sided nature of consumerism,a viable option may be to coexist with it,to remain vigilant and reflective about its negative aspects,and to reserve sufficient space for exploring different ways of life.Ultimately,there will be a transcendence of consumerism.

关 键 词：美国 消费主义 启蒙思想 现代化进程 

分 类 号：D771.2[政治法律—政治学]