特殊材料复杂位姿小孔的电火花超声振动钻削关键技术研究  

Research on the Key Techniques of Composite Processing of EDM and Vibration Ultrasonic Drilling

作　　者：李龙 刘建勇 罗学科 张文明 刘丹 刘方圆 董浩然 LI Long;LIU Jianyong;LUO Xueke;ZHANG Wenming;LIU Dan;LIU Fangyuan;DONG Haoran(Department of Mechanical Engineering,Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology,Beijing 102627,China;AECC Shenyang Liming Aero-engine Co.,Ltd.,Shenyang 110043,China)

机构地区：[1]北京石油化工学院机械工程学院,北京102627 [2]中国航发沈阳黎明航空发动机有限责任公司,辽宁沈阳110043

出　　处：《电加工与模具》2024年第6期52-58,共7页Electromachining & Mould

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFB4605902);北京市科技新星计划项目(20240484626)。

摘　　要：针对航空航天领域特殊材料复杂位姿微小孔的无重铸层加工需求,结合电火花小孔加工与超声振动钻削的优势,在相关装备的数控程序、电气系统、机械系统和工艺方法方面开展研究。针对复杂位姿小孔的精确定位需求,开发了基于“Windows+RTX”框架的复合加工六轴数控系统;设计了基于SoC芯片的放电控制模块和基于STM32单片机的复合加工控制模块;设计了电火花-振动钻削同轴耦合加工机械方案;搭建了复合加工测试平台并开展了复合加工实验。结果表明:以典型特殊材料单晶高温合金小孔的电火花超声振动复合加工为例,实现平均每孔加工用时55 s、表面粗糙度小于Ra0.8μm的无重铸层小孔加工。In response to the urgent need for machining tiny holes with complex postures in special materials without a recast layer in the aerospace field,this article combined the advantages of electrical discharge machining(EDM)and ultrasonic vibration drilling.This approach systematically overcame the core technologies of such equipment in terms of CNC systems,electrical systems,mechanical systems,and processing methods.Based on the need for precise positioning of tiny holes with complex postures,a six-axis CNC system for composite machining was developed using the Windows and the RTX framework.A discharge control module based on an SoC chip and a composite machining control circuit were designed.A coaxial coupling machining mechanism for EDM and vibration drilling was designed.A composite machining test platform was set up,and composite machining experiments were conducted.Using the machining of tiny holes in single-crystal superalloy,a typical special material,as an example,the EDM ultrasonic vibration composite machining achieved an average of 55 seconds per hole with a surface roughness of less than Ra0.8μm and no recast layer.

关 键 词：复杂位姿 重铸层 Windows+RTX框架 精密加工 

分 类 号：TG661[金属学及工艺—金属切削加工及机床] TG663