清华简《两中》篇复原研究——出土竹书的微观考古实践  

Research on the Restoration of Liang Zhong of the Tsinghua Bamboo Slips

作　　者：贾连翔[1,2] Jia Lianxiang

机构地区：[1]清华大学出土文献研究与保护中心 [2]“古文字与中华文明传承发展工程”协同攻关创新平台

出　　处：《出土文献》2024年第4期1-19,170,共20页Excavated Documents

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“以定县简为代表的极端性状竹书的整理及其方法研究”(21&ZD306)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：清华简《两中》篇残损严重,现存残简142枚,可缀合为竹简87支。本篇使用了6个不同竹筒制作的竹简进行抄写,其简背大多有划痕,通过简文内容和划痕等信息,可以对竹简进行初步编连。再根据竹简残损位置和反印墨迹呈现的对称关系,可推知本篇原为一卷竹书,曾以三次对折的方式收卷,可借之检验竹简的编连,并推知本篇原应有简88支,简三九佚失。经统计,完整竹简满简抄写33±8字(重文、合文、残文均计1字),现存2971字,推测原篇约有3014字,结构基本完整,是清华简中又一部长篇竹书。《两中》篇的复原,为竹书的微观考古提供了重要案例。The Liang Zhong两中manuscript from the Tsinghua University collection is severely damaged,with only 142 surviving fragments.Through collation,these fragments can be reassembled into 87 bamboo slips.This manuscript was transcribed onto bamboo slips taken from six distinct bamboo culms,and there are lines scratched on the backs of the slips.By analyzing the content of the text and the scratched lines on the backs of the slips,a preliminary order of the slips can be established.Further research,based on the damaged positions of the bamboo slips and the symmetrical relationship of the ink imprints on the reverse side,suggests that this text was originally a single scroll,folded three times for storage.This inference can be used to verify the arrangement of the bamboo slips and to determine that the original scroll should have had 88 slips,with the 39th slip missing.Statistical analysis shows that a complete bamboo slip can hold an average of 33±8 characters(counting duplicate,combined and broken characters as one).With 2971 characters preserved,it is estimated that the original text contained about 3014 characters.Given its relatively complete structure,this is another long bamboo text among the Tsinghua University manuscripts collection.The restoration of the Liang Zhong provides a significant case study for the micro-archaeology of bamboo manuscripts.

关 键 词：《两中》 清华简 缀合编连 竹简形制 微观考古 

分 类 号：K877.5[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]