清华简《两中》夏启受命“枳山之阳”与上博简《鬼神之明》商纣“捷于只社”探研  

A Study of“Zhishan Zhi Yang”where Xia Qi was Appointed in the Tsinghua Bamboo Manuscript Liang Zhong and“Zhishe”where Zhou of the Shang was Beheaded in the Guishen Zhi Ming

作　　者：魏栋[1,2] Wei Dong

机构地区：[1]清华大学出土文献研究与保护中心 [2]“古文字与中华文明传承发展工程”协同攻关创新平台

出　　处：《出土文献》2024年第4期20-27,170,171,共10页Excavated Documents

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“新出战国竹简地理史料的整理与研究”(18CZS073);国家社科基金重大项目“清华简与儒家经典的形成发展研究”(16ZDA114);国家社科基金重大项目“先秦出土文献地名资料的整理与研究”(18ZDA176)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：清华简《两中》记载夏启取代伯益为王的历史传说时,提及帝“命启于枳山之阳”。简文“枳山”即《孟子·万章上》与《史记·夏本纪》中的“箕山”,位于今河南省登封市东南。“枳山”即“箕山”,为“只”“其”二声字通假提供了可靠案例。《两中》夏启受命于“枳(箕)山之阳”可证伯益避夏启之地当为《孟子·万章上》的“箕山之阴”,而非《史记·夏本纪》的“箕山之阳”。上博简《鬼神之明》“受捷于只社”的准确意思应当是商纣被斩获于“只社”。“只社”应读为“淇社”,是淇水附近商都朝歌境内的地名。商纣被斩首于朝歌,具体地点鹿台/南单之台、只(淇)社之间为微地名、小地名的关系。The Tsinghua Bamboo Manuscript Liang Zhong两中records the historical legend of Xia Qi夏启replacing Boyi伯益as king,mentioning that the Emperor once“appointed Qi in Zhishan.”Zhishan枳山is the Jishan箕山in Mencius 5A and in“Basic Annals of the Xia”from the Records of the Grand Historian.It is located in what is now the southeast of Dengfeng City,Henan Province.That Zhishan is also known as Jishan provides a reliable case for the loaning between the phonophores只and其.That Liang Zhong writes that Xia Qi was appointed at“Zhi(Ji)shan zhi yang”can prove that the place where Boyi fled from Xia Qi should be“Jishan zhi yin”as in Mencius,rather than“Jishan zhi yang”in Records of the Grand Historian.When Guishen zhi ming鬼神之明notes that Shang Zhou“jie yu zhi she”捷于只社it means that Shang Zhou was beheaded in Zhishe.“Zhishe”should be understood as“Qishe”淇社,which is a place name within the jurisdiction of Zhaoge朝歌near the river Qi淇.Because Shang Zhou was beheaded in Zhaoge,suggests that the relationship between more specific locations such as Lutai鹿台,Nandan zhi tai南单之台,and Zhi(Qi)she,is one of micro place names and small place names.

关 键 词：《两中》 枳山之阳 箕山 《鬼神之明》 只社 

分 类 号：K877.5[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]