再论清华大学藏战国竹简的真实性——答叶翰教授  

Once Again on the Authenticity of the Tsinghua University Bamboo-Slip Manuscripts:A Response to Professor Hans van Ess

作　　者：夏含夷[1] Edward L.Shaughnessy

机构地区：[1]芝加哥大学

出　　处：《出土文献》2024年第4期158-169,174,共13页Excavated Documents

摘　　要：清华大学藏战国竹书是从香港地区古董市场买回来的盗掘品,因此其真伪一直是中国国内外辩论的问题。最近慕尼黑大学叶翰教授做了题作《以文本方法论清华简〈系年〉的真伪问题》的长篇论文,表面上是对尤锐作《出土周史:〈系年〉竹书与早期中国史学》的书评,但是论文主要目的是利用所谓“文本方法”论证清华简《*系年》是伪造的。我既不同意叶翰教授的结论,也不同意他的方法。相反,我提出要考察写本的真伪最佳证据是当该文献公开发表之后出现的新证据与之相合。除了清华简整体的证据诸如简背划痕和《*越公其事》与2020年从枣林铺纸厂M46出土的《*吴王夫差起师伐越》的相似性以外,我还指出,《*系年》第17和18两章提到“晋庄平公”,这个名称在传世文献从来未见,但是在2023年秦家嘴1093号墓出土了一篇文献也载有这个名称,说明《*系年》的用法完全可靠,不可能是2008年以前的伪作者所知。因此,《*系年》无疑是真实的战国时代的文献。The Warring States Bamboo Manuscripts in the collection of Tsinghua University are documents that were robbed from some tomb and then purchased on the Hong Kong region antique market,for which reason their authenticity has been questioned both in China and abroad.Recently,Professor Hans van Ess of the University of Munich has published an article entitled“A Textual Approach to the Problem of the Authenticity of the Historical Text Xinian from the Tsing-hua Collection of Manuscripts.”Ostensibly a review of Yuri Pines's Zhou History Unearthed,The Bamboo Manuscript Xinian and Early Chinese Historiography,in fact it is an attempt to use what he terms a“textual approach”to prove that the Tsinghua manuscript*Xinian系年is a forgery.I disagree with both this conclusion and also with the methodology that Professor van Ess uses.On the contrary,I propose that the most important evidence with which to discuss authenticity is evidence that has surfaced after the text in question entered the public domain.For the Tsinghua manuscripts in general,there are two types of evidence that show their authenticity:diagonal cuts on the back of the bamboo slips,and the text*Fuchai,King of Wu,Raised Troops and Attacked Yue吴王夫差起师伐越,unearthed in 2020,which is nearly identical with the Tsinghua manuscript May the Duke of Yue Attend越公其事,published already in 2017.With respect to the*Xinian itself,the same type of new evidence has just surfaced.*Xinian 17 and 18 refer to a ruler of the state of Jin as“Jin Zhuangping Gong晋庄平公,”a title heretofore unattested in all received literature.However,the exact same title appears in a text just unearthed from Tomb 1093 at Qinjiazui秦家嘴.Since this title could not have been known to any forger working prior to 2008 when the Tsinghua manuscripts entered the collection of Tsinghua University,this shows beyond any doubt that these manuscripts are authentic Warring States manuscripts.

关 键 词：清华简 战国时代 写本文化 真伪问题 《系年》 

分 类 号：K877.5[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] K231[历史地理—历史学]