晚明清初勘报灾情的文书行政与信息传递  

The Document Administration and Information Transmission for Disaster Investigation and Reporting in the Late Ming and Eearly Qing Dynasties

作　　者：郏浚如 Jia Junru(Nankai University,Tianjin 300071)

机构地区：[1]南开大学历史学院,天津300071

出　　处：《陕西开放大学学报》2024年第4期50-56,共7页Journal of The Open University of ShaanXi

摘　　要：晚明地方灾情的勘报程序以层层委官、逐级上报为主,清初兼之以基层的越级报灾。从抚、按分掌报灾勘灾,到勘报职权互通;从督、抚、按会勘会报,到督、抚会同勘报,是易代之际制度的因革与巡按权力的渐进让渡在荒政上的具体表现。异县互查、督抚会勘等权力的制约与制衡机制,对灾情信息的真实性和时效性起到了有限的保障作用,但官场生态特点依然为隐灾虚报提供着政治土壤。灾情信息的传递情况影响着地方社会灾害治理的实效。In the late Ming Dynasty,disaster survey and report was mainly done by delegating local officials and reporting level by level,while in the early Qing Dynasty,also done by skip-level reporting.In the middle Ming Dynasty,the Grand Coordinator and the Regional Inspector were in charge of report and survey respectively,while in the late Ming Dynasty,the disasters could be reported either by the Grand Coordinator or the Regional Inspector.In the early Qing Dynasty,the disasters should be surveyed and reported by the Provincial Governor,the Regional Inspector and the Governor-General together,and the power was gradually transferred to the Provincial Governor and the Governor-General.This process showed the transformation of institutions during the Ming-Qing transition,and also showed how the power of the Regional Inspector was gradually weakened in the vision of disaster management.The mechanisms of power restriction and balance,such as cross-checking among different regions,could guarantee the authenticity and the time-efficiency of information to some degree.But the officialdom ecology still provided the possibility of reporting unauthentic information or the delay of information transmission,which affected the disaster relief decisions and disaster management in the local society.

关 键 词：晚明清初 勘报制度 权力分配 信息传递 社会灾害治理 

分 类 号：K248.3[历史地理—历史学]