Genetic and epigenetic alterations associated with gestational diabetes mellitus and adverse neonatal outcomes  

作　　者：Amreen Shamsad Tanu Gautam Renu Singh Monisha Banerjee 

机构地区：[1]Molecular and Human Genetics Laboratory,Department of Zoology,University of Lucknow,Lucknow 226007,Uttar Pradesh,India [2]Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,King George’s Medical University,Lucknow 226003,Uttar Pradesh,India

出　　处：《World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics》2025年第1期6-20,共15页世界临床儿科杂志（英文）

基　　金：Supported by Maulana Azad National Fellowship,University Grants Commission,New Delhi,and Department of Biotechnology,New Delhi,No.AS[82-27/2019(SA III)];DBT-BUILDER-University of Lucknow Interdisciplinary Life Science Programme for Advance Research and Education(Level II),No.TG(BT/INF/22/SP47623/2022).

摘　　要：Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)is a metabolic disorder,recognised during 24-28 weeks of pregnancy.GDM is linked with adverse newborn outcomes such as macrosomia,premature delivery,metabolic disorder,cardiovascular,and neurological disorders.Recent investigations have focused on the correlation of genetic factors such asβ-cell function and insulin secretary genes(transcription factor 7 like 2,potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily q member 1,adipo-nectin etc.)on maternal metabolism during gestation leading to GDM.Epigenetic alterations like DNA methylation,histone modification,and miRNA expression can influence gene expression and play a dominant role in feto-maternal meta-bolic pathways.Interactions between genes and environment,resulting in differ-ential gene expression patterns may lead to GDM.Researchers suggested that GDM women are more susceptible to insulin resistance,which alters intrauterine surroundings,resulting hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia.Epigenetic modi-fications in genes affecting neuroendocrine activities,and metabolism,increase the risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes in offspring.There is currently no treatment or effective preventive method for GDM,since the molecular processes of insulin resistance are not well understood.The present review was undertaken to un-derstand the pathophysiology of GDM and its effects on adverse neonatal out-comes.In addition,the study of genetic and epigenetic alterations will provide lead to researchers in the search for predictive molecular biomarkers.

关 键 词：Gene expression Gestational diabetes mellitus Feto-maternal outcome Epigenetic alteration Molecular biomarkers 

分 类 号：R726.8[医药卫生—儿科]