冲突与平衡:老旧小区加装电梯的权利证成与规范选择  

Conflict and Balance:The Evidence of Rights and Normative Choices of Adding Elevators in Older Communities

作　　者：徐文 李思奇 Xu Wen;Li Siqi

机构地区：[1]西南科技大学

出　　处：《中国不动产法研究》2024年第2期49-68,310,311,共22页Research on Real Estate Law of China

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“中国共产党农地产权政策调适的重大成就与历史经验研究”(22BDJ081)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在推进老旧小区加装电梯改造的过程中,最大的难题在于如何平衡各方的利益、兼顾各方的诉求。该问题的实质在于加装电梯的权利来源是否具有正当性,以及如何妥善解决各种类型的利益冲突。从权利证成的视角观察,加装电梯的权利具有正当性:实质上源于对分配正义理念的践行以及对公共利益的维护,形式上源于《民法典》与《无障碍环境建设法》。从利益冲突的视角观察,加装电梯首先面临基于身份差异与定位模糊的公益与私益的冲突,其次面临基于损害填补与费用分担的私益与私益的冲突。通过实证调研,可将司法实践中解决损害填补冲突问题的做法分为酌定补偿型与容忍自治型;将各地处理费用分担纠纷的方案分为直接补贴型与灵活补贴型。综合考虑各地在解决方案上的掣肘因素后,建议以“成本收益”为分析工具搭建解决框架,以公共地役权的设置为实施进路。In the process of promoting the adding of elevators in old communities,the biggest problem lies in how to balance the interests and demands of all parties,and the essence of the problem lies in whether the source of the right to add elevators is justified and how to appropriately resolve various types of conflicts of interest.From the perspective of the justification of rights,the right to add elevators is justified:in essence sense,it originates from the practice of the concept of distributive justice and the protection of public interests,and in form sense,it originates from the Civil Code and the Barrier-Free Environment Construction Law.From the perspective of conflict of interest,the adding elevator firstly faces the conflict between public interest and private interest based on different nature of right-holders and the vague position dispute resolution mechanism;and secondly faces the conflict between private interest and private interest based on damage filling and cost sharing.Through empirical research:the judicial practice on damage filling can be summarized as type of compensation on discretion and the type of autonomy tolerance;as for the cost sharing,the practice can be summarized as the direct subsidy type and the flexible subsidies type.Considering the constraints on comprehensive solutions in different places,the"cost-benefit"can be used as an analytical tool to build a solution framework,and the establishment of public easements could be used as a method of implementation.

关 键 词：加装电梯 公共地役权 无障碍环境建设法 老旧小区 

分 类 号：D923.2[政治法律—民商法学] D922.297[政治法律—法学]