违法建房售房行为的司法处置现状、问题与规制路径  

The Current Situation,Problems and Regulatory Paths of Judicial Disposal of Illegal Construction and Sales of Houses

作　　者：王艺 Wang Yi

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学刑事法学院

出　　处：《中国不动产法研究》2024年第2期257-276,317,318,共22页Research on Real Estate Law of China

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“中国特色反腐败国家立法体系建设重大理论与现实”(17ZDA135)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：司法实务将违法建房售房行为定性为非法经营罪的入罪思路存在论证缺陷,在一定程度上偏离罪刑法定原则,究其原因:一是在前置性规范的选取上,没有遵循“法益同一规则”,错误适用与非法经营罪预设法益不相称的前置性规范;二是没有对非法经营罪的客体作类型化处理,违法建筑不具有动产“交付即所有”的物权变动属性,流通渠道受限,不具有扰乱房地产市场秩序的特性;三是没有以刑法的明确性为指引,人为设定罪量要素。违法建房售房行为不构成非法经营罪。对该行为的治理应采用“直接规制+间接规制”的行刑协同治理模式,“直接规制模式”要求相关人员树立行政优位理念,优先运用行政手段加以规制;“间接规制模式”要求以刑事法作最后补充,在特定情形下,以侵犯自然资源类犯罪进行治理。The judicial practice's approach to categorizing illegal construction and sales of houses as the crime of illegal business operation has flaws in argumentation and violates the principles of criminal law.The reasons for this are as follows:firstly,in the selection of preconceived norms,the rule of"the same legal interest"was not followed,resulting in the incorrect application of preconceived norms that were disproportionate to the preconceived legal interest of the crime of illegal business operations;Secondly,there is no typological treatment of the object of the crime of illegal business operations.Illegal buildings do not have the property rights change attribute of"delivery is ownership"of movable property,their circulation channels are limited,and they do not have the characteristics of disrupting the order of the real estate market;Thirdly,there is no artificial setting of elements of criminal quantity based on the clarity of criminal law.The act of llegally building and selling houses does not constitute the crime of illegal business operations.The governance of this behavior should adopt a collaborative governance model of"direct regulation and indirect regulation",which requires relevant personnel to establish the concept of administrative superiority and prioritize the use of administrative means for regulation;The"indirect regulatory model"requires criminal law as the final supplement,and in specific circumstances,it is necessary to govern crimes related to the infringement of natural resources.

关 键 词：违法建房售房行为 非法经营罪 直接规制 间接规制 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学]