论补充责任条款在物业服务合同纠纷中的适用与完善——《民法典》第1198条释评  

On the Application and Improvement of Supplementary Liability Clause in Property Service Contract Disputes--Commentary on Article 1198 of the Civil Code

作　　者：袁兵喜 周玲萱 Yuan Bingxi;Zhou Lingxuan

机构地区：[1]广州大学法学院

出　　处：《中国不动产法研究》2024年第2期291-304,319,共15页Research on Real Estate Law of China

基　　金：教育部重大攻关项目“民法典民族性表达与制度供给研究”(21JZD033)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：《民法典》第1198条对安全保障义务人的补充责任承担问题进行了相关规定,但该制度具体适用到物业服务企业仍有进一步完善的空间。通过检索相关司法判例可知,物业服务企业未尽安保义务需承担补充责任涉及的类型范围主要包括安全警示义务、基础设施维护义务、清洁和清理义务及维护内部公共秩序义务等方面;而在司法适用方面经常存在不同责任类型混用、赔偿份额不一、举证责任分配不清等问题。在《民法典》第1198条第2款对补充责任规定得过于原则化的情况下,需要进一步完善相关法律法规,及时出台相关司法解释,以明确赔偿额度范围、合理分配举证责任等。Article 1198 of the Civil Code makes relevant provisions on the supplementary liability of security guarantee obligors,but when the system is specific to the practice of property service enterprises,there is still room for further improvement at the normative aspect.Through the search of relevant judicial cases,the property service enterprises should bear the supplementary responsibility for failing to fulfill the security obligation,and the types mainly include:security warning obligations,infrastructure maintenance obligations,cleaning and clearing obligations and internal public order obligations;However,in judicial application,there are often problems such as mixed use of different responsibilities,confusion of compensation shares,and unclear distribution of burden of proof.In the case of the second paragraph of Article 1198 of the Civil Code,the supplementary liability is too principled,how to further improve the relevant laws and regulations,timely promulgation of judicial interpretation,clarify the scope of the amount of compensation,and reasonably allocate the burden of proofis the basic way to build the supplementary liability system of property service enterprises.

关 键 词：物业服务企业 补充责任 安全保障义务 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学] D922.181[政治法律—法学]