南海冷泉毗邻海域尾明角灯鱼和长鳍虹灯鱼的营养生态位研究  

Trophic niches of Ceratoscopelus warmingii and Bolinichthys longipes in adjacent waters of cold seep area in South China Sea

作　　者：石娟 刘永[1,2] 李纯厚 宋晓宇[1,2] 赵金发 王腾 孔啸兰 黄应邦 SHI Juan;LIU Yong;LI Chunhou;SONG Xiaoyu;ZHAO Jinfa;WANG Teng;KONG Xiaolan;HUANG Yingbang(South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences/Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation&Utilization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Observation and Research Field Station of Pearl River Estuary Ecosystem,Guangdong Province/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment,Guangzhou 510300,China;Scientific Observation and Research Station of Xisha Island Reef Fishery Ecosystem of Hainan Province/Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization and Processing of Marine Fishery Resources of Hainan Province/Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute,Sanya 572018,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所/农业农村部南海渔业资源开发利用重点实验室/广东珠江口生态系统野外科学观测研究站/广东省渔业生态环境重点实验室,广东广州510300 [2]西沙岛礁渔业生态系统海南省野外科学观测研究站/海南省深远海渔业资源高效利用与加工重点实验室/三亚热带水产研究院,海南三亚572018

出　　处：《南方水产科学》2024年第6期74-83,共10页South China Fisheries Science

基　　金：广东省基础与应用基础研究重大项目(2019B030302004-05);农业财政专项(NHZX2024);中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费项目(2023TD16,2024RC03);中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金资助(2021SD04,2019TS28)。

摘　　要：尾明角灯鱼(Ceratoscopelus warmingii)和长鳍虹灯鱼(Bolinichthys longipes)是冷泉生态系统中常见的中层鱼类,是连接表层到深海生态系统的重要纽带。为探索冷泉生态系统食物网及其物质循环流动,于2021年8月在南海冷泉区毗邻海域采集这2种鱼类,并基于稳定同位素技术分析其营养生态位特征。结果表明:尾明角灯鱼在冷泉区的碳稳定同位素(δ^(13)C)、氮稳定同位素(δ^(15)N)和营养级分别为(-20.22±0.35)‰、(8.6±0.48)‰和3.35±0.14,在对照区分别为(-20.51±0.33)‰、(8.15±0.65)‰和3.40±0.19;长鳍虹灯鱼在冷泉区的δ^(13)C、δ^(15)N和营养级分别为(-20.19±0.28)‰、(9.32±0.66)‰和3.57±0.19,在对照区分别为(-20.68±0.42)‰、(8.86±0.68)‰和3.61±0.20。长鳍虹灯鱼的δ^(13)C、δ^(15)N在这2个区域均高于尾明角灯鱼,且其对鱼类、虾类等次级消费者的摄食比例较高,表明其食物来源广泛,营养层级较高,对资源的竞争与利用能力更强。2种鱼类在不同区域均呈现出冷泉区营养结构多样性较低、营养生态位较窄的特征,这是因为冷泉独特的生态环境及较高的生物多样性使消费者摄食具有选择性。同时通过循环统计分析发现2种中层鱼的营养结构均朝冷泉区变化,表明冷泉区中层鱼类的种群营养结构变化更复杂且稳定性较高。Ceratoscopelus warmingii and Bolinichthys longipes are common mesopelagic fish in cold seep ecosystems,serving as crucial links between surface and deep-sea ecosystems.To explore the food web and material cycling flow in cold spring ecosystems,we collected samples of these mesopelagic fish from the adjacent waters of the cold seep area in the South China Sea in August 2021,and then analyzed their trophic niche characteristics using stable isotope techniques.Results indicate that theδ^(13)C,δ^(15)N and the trophic level of C.warmingii in the cold seep area were(-20.22±0.35)‰,(8.6±0.48)‰and 3.35±0.14,respectively,while those in the control area were(-20.51±0.33)‰,(8.15±0.65)‰and 3.40±0.19,respectively.Similarly,theδ^(13)C,δ^(15)N and the trophic level of B.longipes in the cold seep area were(-20.19±0.28)‰,(9.32±0.66)‰and 3.57±0.19,respectively,while those in the control area were(-20.68±0.42)‰,(8.86±0.68)‰and 3.61±0.20,respectively.Theδ^(13)C andδ^(15)N values of B.longipes were higher than those of C.warmingii in both regions,and the proportion of B.longipes feeding to secondary consumers such as fish and shrimp was higher.It is showed that the food source was wide,the trophic level was high,and the competition and utilization ability of resources was stronger.Both species showed lower trophic diversity(CD)and narrower trophic niche(SEAc)in the cold seep area,because consumers could be selective in feeding due to the unique ecological environment and high biodiversity of cold seep.Meanwhile,cyclic statistical analysis shows that the trophic structure of both species of mesopelagic fish changed towards the cold seep area,indicating that the trophic structure of the mesopelagic fish population in the cold seep area was more complex and stable.

关 键 词：冷泉生态系统 中层鱼类 稳定同位素 营养生态位 

分 类 号：S931.1[农业科学—渔业资源]