野生与养殖条件下香港牡蛎和咬齿牡蛎寄生派琴虫感染差异研究  

Perkinsus spp.infections between cultured and wild oysters Crassostrea hongkongensis and Saccostrea mordax

作　　者：庄梦浩 付胜利 姚托[2,3] 卢洁 姜皓译 王玉香 郝耀彤 叶灵通 ZHUANG Menghao;FU Shengli;YAO Tuo;LU Jie;JIANG Haoyi;WANG Yuxiang;HAO Yaotong;YE Lingtong(Ocean College,Hebei Agricultural University,Qinhuangdao 066000,China;South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences/Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation&Utilization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Guangzhou 510300,China;Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute,Sanya 572426,China;College of Fisheries,Guagndong Ocean University,Zhanjiang 524088,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学海洋学院,河北秦皇岛066000 [2]中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所/农业农村部水产品加工重点实验室/农业农村部南海渔业资源开发利用重点实验室,广东广州510300 [3]三亚热带水产研究院,海南三亚572426 [4]广东海洋大学水产学院,广东湛江524088

出　　处：《南方水产科学》2024年第6期169-175,共7页South China Fisheries Science

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-49);中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金资助(2023TS03);海南省科技专项资助(ZDYF2024XDNY189);防城港市科技计划项目资助(防科AB22013008)。

摘　　要：人类活动改变了牡蛎的生长和发育环境,也因此影响着其体内寄生虫的繁殖,促进了寄生虫的扩散与传播。为评估人类活动对香港牡蛎(Crassostrea hongkongensis)和咬齿牡蛎(Saccostrea mordax)感染派琴虫(Perkinsus spp.)的影响,分别采集了华南沿海8个地区的6个野生牡蛎种群和4个养殖牡蛎种群,分析了野生和养殖条件下派琴虫的感染率与感染丰度差异。结果显示,养殖香港牡蛎的派琴虫平均感染率为(61.25±13.30)%,与野生香港牡蛎差异不显著,但两者均显著高于野生咬齿牡蛎[(13.75±5.45)%]。不同地区间养殖香港牡蛎的派琴虫感染率差异显著,而野生香港牡蛎和野生咬齿牡蛎的派琴虫感染率差异均不显著。野生香港牡蛎派琴虫平均感染丰度为[(1144.79±295.85)个·g^(-1)],与野生咬齿牡蛎差异不显著,但两者均显著低于养殖香港牡蛎[(14668.08±8379.21)个·g^(-1)]。不同地区间,养殖香港牡蛎、野生香港牡蛎、野生咬齿牡蛎的派琴虫感染丰度均差异不显著。香港牡蛎转运养殖促进了不同地区间派琴虫的传播,人为干预的养殖与野生的环境差异造成了派琴虫的感染丰度显著变化。首次在咬齿牡蛎上发现了派琴虫感染,说明派琴虫的传播范围广、传播能力强。咬齿牡蛎特殊的附着生活方式降低了派琴虫的感染风险。由于野生香港牡蛎的感染丰度低,将其亲本用于育苗可降低派琴虫的垂直和水平传播风险。Human activities have altered the growth and development of oysters,thereby affecting the reproduction of parasites within the oysters and promoting the spread and transmission of parasites.We evaluated the effects of human activities on Perkinsus spp.infection in Crassostrea hongkongensis and Saccostrea mordax.We collected the oyster samples(Six wild oyster populations and four cultured oyster populations)at the eight sites along the South China coast,then analyzed the Perkinsus spp.prevalence and abundance difference between the cultured and wild conditions.The results show that the mean prevalence of Perkinsus spp.in cultured C.hongkongensis was(61.25±13.30)%,not significantly different with that in wild C.hongkongensis,but both were significantly higher than that in wild S.mordax,which had an prevalence of(13.75±5.45)%.Among different sites,the prevalence of Perkinsus spp.in cultured C.hongkongensis was significantly different with that in wild C.hongkongensis,but was not significantly different between wild C.hongkongensis and S.mordax.The mean abundance of Perkinsus spp.in wild C.hongkongensis was(1144.79±295.85)cells·gram^(-1),not significantly different with that in wild S.mordax.However,the mean abundance of Perkinsus spp.in both wild C.hongkongensis and S.mordax was significantly lower than that in cultured C.hongkongensis,which had an abundance of(14668.08±8379.21)cells·gram^(-1).Among different sites,there were no significant differences in the abundance of Perkinsus spp.among cultured C.hongkongensis,wild C.hongkongensis and wild S.mordax.The common practice of C.hongkongensis transplantation between regions had facilitated the transmission of Perkinsus spp.among different sites.Great contrast between cultured and wild environment lead to their significant abundance difference of Perkinsus spp.It is first reported that S.mordax was infected with Perkinsus spp.,which indicates the widespread transmission and strong infectivity of Perkinsus spp.S.mordax has a unique attachment life style,which re

关 键 词：派琴虫 香港牡蛎 咬齿牡蛎 养殖种群 野生种群 

分 类 号：Q958.9[生物学—动物学]