巴西碳捕集利用与封存发展现状、趋势及启示  

Development status,trends,and implications of carbon capture,utilization and storage in Brazil

作　　者：赵健 邱兆军[1] 窦立荣 ZHAO Jian;QIU Zhaojun;DOU Lirong(China National Petroleum Corporation in Brazil-CNPC Brazil Rio de Janeiro;PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration&Development;China National Oil and Gas Exploration and Development Corporation)

机构地区：[1]中国石油巴西公司 [2]中国石油勘探开发研究院 [3]中国石油国际勘探开发有限公司

出　　处：《国际石油经济》2024年第11期11-24,共14页International Petroleum Economics

摘　　要：巴西能源消费结构独特,二氧化碳排放源结构与众不同,碳排放量已达峰。巴西致力于应对气候变化的碳中和目标,积极研发和应用包括碳捕集利用与封存(CCUS)在内的绿色低碳技术。巴西CCUS类型多样,储存条件优越;在运行CCUS项目以海上油田二氧化碳驱油为主,居世界领先地位;生物质能CCS和蓝氢CCS技术备受关注,发展前景值得期待;CCUS研发实力雄厚,超前技术储备丰富。巴西CCUS发展呈现以下趋势:CCUS监管和立法快速推进,顶层设计加速形成;正酝酿建立碳排放权交易市场,CCUS潜力和规模前景较好;碳源-碳汇匹配更合理,四大工业集群将陆续成形。巴西CCUS实践的启示包括:要重视顶层设计和监管;积极吸收借鉴他国经验,强化国家间合作;鼓励研发创新,降低技术成本,努力做到降碳减排和资源化利用同步。Brazil has a unique energy consumption structure and a distinctive source structure for CO2 emissions,where carbon emissions have already peaked.It is committed to the goal of carbon neutrality in response to climate change,and actively research&develop and apply green and low-carbon technologies including carbon capture,utilization and storage(CCUS).Brazil has a variety of CCUS types and favorable storage conditions.Its operating CCUS projects,mainly CO2 oil drives in offshore oilfields,are among the world’s leading projects.Biomass CCS and blue hydrogen CCS technologies with promising development prospects have attracted a lot of attention.It has strong R&D strength and abundant reserves of aheadof-its-time technologies.Brazil’s CCUS development shows the such following trends as CCUS regulation and legislation are advancing rapidly and top-level design is accelerating,the establishment of a carbon emissions trading market is in the works,the potential and scale of CCUS are promising,the matching of carbon sources and sinks is more reasonable,and the four major industrial clusters will take shape one by one.Insights from Brazil’s CCUS practice include paying attention to top-level design and regulation,actively absorbing and learning from other countries’experiences,strengthening inter-country cooperation,encouraging R&D and innovation,lowering technology costs,and striving to achieve simultaneous carbon reduction,emission reduction,and resource utilization.

关 键 词：巴西 碳捕集利用与封存(CCUS) 生物质能 二氧化碳驱油 碳源-碳汇集群 碳排放权交易市场 监管立法 

分 类 号：F403.3[经济管理—产业经济] F403.6F407.22F416.22