英国零碳集群扶持政策、监管框架及其启示  

Study on supportive policy and regulation framework for UK’s cluster decarbonization and its enlightenments

作　　者：张亦弛 胡鹏 牟效毅 赵思行 何帅 ZHANG Yichi;HU Peng;MU Xiaoyi;ZHAO Sixing;HE Shuai(CNOOC Energy Economics Institute;CNOOC(China)Limited;Centre for Energy,Petroleum and Mineral Law&Policy,University of Dundee)

机构地区：[1]中国海油集团能源经济研究院 [2]中海石油(中国)有限公司 [3]邓迪大学能源法律与政策中心(英国)

出　　处：《国际石油经济》2024年第11期25-34,共10页International Petroleum Economics

摘　　要：英国自提出“净零碳排放”目标以来,其零碳(工业)集群在近几年内形成了极具特征的产业扶持政策、商业模式和监管框架,树立了全球工业集群脱碳的先行典范。英国当前零碳工业集群中的碳捕集利用与封存和低碳氢能两大产业环节中使用差价合约机制,实施碳捕集封存许可证制度,设定氢能基础设施规划与管制框架,逐步放松对部分环节的管制并减少补贴。英国零碳集群体现出西方市场化能源体制下,通过政府的引导、补贴和管制等方式减少市场失灵并吸引私营部门投资资本密集型脱碳产业,建立依托工业集群的低碳氢能和碳捕集利用与封存等产业体系,从而启动并加快工业脱碳步伐的鲜明特征。其政策体系和相关机制对中国工业集群脱碳,尤其是沿海工业集群依托海洋碳捕集利用与封存及低碳氢能等产业环节的脱碳政策制订和产业规划具有较强的借鉴意义。Since the establishment of the“Net Zero”target,the UK has developed a highly distinctive set of industrial supportive policies,business models,and regulatory frameworks within its zero-carbon industrial clusters over the past few years,positioning itself as a global leader in the decarbonization of industrial clusters.The UK’s current zero-carbon industrial cluster uses CfD(Contract for Difference)for the two major industrial segments of carbon capture,utilization and storage(CCUS)and low-carbon hydrogen energy,implements a carbon capture and storage(CCS)licensing system,sets up a planning and regulatory framework for hydrogen energy infrastructure,and gradually deregulates and reduces subsidies in some of these segments.These clusters exemplify the Western market-oriented approach to mitigate market failures and attract private investment in capitalintensive decarbonization sectors through government guidance,subsidies,and regulation.It has built a low-carbon hydrogen and CCUS industrial system centered around industrial clusters,thus starting and accelerating the overall industrial decarbonization process.The UK’s policy framework and related supportive mechanisms provide valuable insights for the decarbonization of China’s industrial clusters,especially the formulation of decarbonization policies and industry plan for coastal clusters that rely on offshore CCUS and low-carbon hydrogen.

关 键 词：零碳集群 低碳氢能 碳捕集利用与封存 差价合约 

分 类 号：F43[经济管理—产业经济] F47F403.3F407.22F410F416.22