有机物料颗粒化高量深施对旱稻产量和剖面土壤肥力的影响  

Effects of high dosage of pelletized organic materials deep application on upland rice yield and profile soil fertility

作　　者：李露 高威 周建利[1] 郭晓彬 李颜 陈香碧[2] 吴金水[2] LI Lu;GAO Wei;ZHOU Jian-li;GUO Xiao-bin;LI Yan;CHEN Xiang-bi;WU Jin-shui(College of Agriculture,Yangtze University,Jingzhou,Hubei 434025,China;Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in of Subtropical Region,Chinese Academy of Science,Changsha,Hunan 410125,China)

机构地区：[1]长江大学农学院,湖北荆州434025 [2]中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所亚热带农业生态重点实验室,湖南长沙410125

出　　处：《农业现代化研究》2024年第5期897-906,共10页Research of Agricultural Modernization

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1901203);国家自然科学基金项目(42107366,42130716)。

摘　　要：为解决秸秆高量还田难、瘠薄土壤肥力提升缓慢等问题,针对我国亚热带典型瘠薄型稻田,采用常量有机肥(CK:10 t/hm^(2))和高量颗粒有机肥(POF:40 t/hm^(2))两种施肥模式,研究有机物料颗粒化高量深施对旱稻产量和剖面土壤肥力的影响。结果表明:经过2年的田间试验,高量颗粒有机肥深施提高了旱稻产量,POF处理旱稻产量较CK处理增加了24.1%。两种施肥模式土壤容重均随土层深度递增。然而,与CK相比,POF处理仅改善了0~20 cm耕层土壤结构,其他土层差异不显著(P > 0.05)。土壤有机碳和微生物量均随土层深度递减,POF处理仅增加了10~20 cm土层土壤有机碳、微生物量碳和氮含量,其增幅分别为28.2%、70.8%和76.1%,其他土层差异不显著(P > 0.05)。三种酶包括纤维二糖水解酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶和N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶均在10~20 cm土层增幅最大。随机森林模型进一步分析结果表明,土壤全氮和纤维二糖水解酶活性是影响耕层土壤有机碳含量的重要因子,其贡献度分别为10.7%和10.0%。有机物料颗粒化高量深施通过改善剖面土壤结构、增加剖面土壤微生物量和酶活性,进而对瘠薄稻田耕层拓深、土壤快速培肥和作物增产起到良好促进作用。To solve the problems such as the difficulty of a large amount of straw returning and the slow improvement of soil fertility in barren paddy fields.Two treatments including constant application of organic fertilizer(CK:10 t/hm^(2))and high dosage of pelletized organic materials deep application(POF:40 t/hm^(2))were set up to study the effect of enhanced inputs of organic fertilizers(2 years)on the yield of upland rice and profile soil fertility.The results showed that high dosage of pelletized organic amendment significantly increased upland rice yield(P<0.01),with a 24.1%increase observed in POF compared with CK.Soil bulk density increased significantly with soil depth in both CK and POF treatments.However,high dosage of pelletized organic materials deep application only improved the soil structure in the 0~20 cm,with a nonsignificant difference in other profile soils(P>0.05).Soil organic carbon and microbial biomass decreased significantly with soil depth.Compared with CK,POF treatment only increased the contents of organic carbon content and microbial biomass in the 10~20 cm,but there was no significant difference in other profile soils(P>0.05).Soil organic carbon,microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in POF treatment increased by 28.2%,70.8% and 76.1%in 10~20 cm compared with the CK,respectively.All the three soil enzyme activities including cellobiohydrolase,β-glucosidase and N-acetylglucosaminidase in the 10~20 cm increased the most than other profile soils.The random forest model analyses indicated that soil total nitrogen and cellobiohydrolase activity as key factors influencing soil organic carbon with the contributions of 10.7%and 10.0%in total soil factors,respectively.High dosage of pelletized organic materials deep application had good effects on the depth of soil ploughing layer,soil fertility and rice yields by improving profile soil structure,microbial biomass and enzyme activities in the barren paddy fields.

关 键 词：有机物料颗粒化 深施 剖面土壤肥力 土壤有机碳 旱稻 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学]