德刑对立:春秋霸政时期治政理念的一个切面  

Binary Opposition between “Moral” and “Law”: An Aspect of the Political Idea in the Reign of Hegemony in the Spring and Autumn Period

作　　者：刘进有 LIU Jinyou(Chongqing Medical University,Chongqing 400016,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆医科大学马克思主义学院,重庆400016

出　　处：《天中学刊》2024年第6期22-29,共8页Journal of Tianzhong

基　　金：2021年重庆市社会科学规划博士项目(2021BS013);2023年重庆市教育委员会人文社会科学研究规划项目(23SKGH051)。

摘　　要：德刑观念不仅是先秦政治思想史上的一个主题,也是先秦治政理念的重要体现。随着春秋霸政时代的到来,传统以明德慎罚为主的德刑观逐渐衍生出德刑二元对立的结构。从德刑功用层面看,作为二元对立的德与刑既可以用来处理国中朝内外的政务,又可以处理列国之间的政事,还可以作为一种处理夷夏关系的策略;从各诸侯国的执政理念看,针对一些秉掌国政的君主、正卿重用刑罚巩固权力的现象,一些卿大夫为了缓解矛盾、实现权力共享,对执政者提出了“修政德,禁淫刑”的治理方政;霸政过于注重兵刑等手段,也引起了一些弱小国家及卿大夫们的不满,他们对霸政中“不务德而兵争”的理念也提出了批评。可以说,二元对立的德刑观是我们了解先秦政治思想的一个重要观测点。Moral and law are not only a theme in the history of pre-Qin political thought but also an important reflection of the governance philosophy of that era.During the Spring and Autumn,the traditional concept of morality and law gradually evolved into a binary opposition between morality and law.They could be used to handle both domestic and foreign affairs within a state,manage affairs between states,and serve as a strategy for dealing with relations between the Han and other peoples.As the governing philosophies of various feudal states,in response to some monarchs and high ministers who relied heavily on punishments to consolidate power,some ministers proposed the governance policy of“cultivating political virtue and prohibiting excessive punishments”to ease conflicts and achieve power sharing.The overemphasis on punishment by hegemonic politics also caused dissatisfaction among some smaller states and ministers,who criticized the concept of“neglecting virtue for military contention”.It can be said that the binary view of morality and law is an important observation point for understanding pre-Qin political thought.

关 键 词：德刑对立 春秋 霸政 治政理念 

分 类 号：D092[政治法律—政治学]